介词短语单复数的区别
英语中某些介词短语有单数形式,也有复数形式,其复数并不是单数的多数概念,在含义上有明显的差别,现举例比较如下:
一、at a time,at times,at all times
at a time 意为“每次”,相当于 each time或 on each occasion;at timse意为“有时”、“不时”,与 occasionally及 now and then的意思较接近;at alltimes表示“无论何时”、“随时”的意思,与 at any time或 always的意义相近。例如:
1.Pass me the bricks two at a time.
把砖头递给我,每次两块。
2.Linda is diligent only at times.On the whole,she is a lazy girl.
琳达仅是时而用功。总的来说,她是个懒惰的女孩。
3.He is likely to drop in at all times to have a talk with you.他随时都有可能进来找你谈话。
二、in a sense,in all senses
in a sense与 in all senses前者意为 in one way of speaking(在某种意义上说);后者相当于 in every sense,表示“在任何意义上说”的意思。例如:
1.It is true that arithmetic is,in a sense,a language.
确实,在某种意义上说,算术是一种语言。
2.It is quite necessary for a college student to learn a foreign language in allsenses.
从任何意义上说,一个大学生学一门外国语是非常必要的。
三、 in Spirit,in spints
in spirit与 in spirits前者与“在物质上”相对立,意为“在精神上”;者意为“兴致勃勃”、“兴高采烈”,相当于 in high spirits的含义。例如:
1.I shall be with you in spirit.
我将在精神上和你在一起。
2.When he told us the news, we were all in spirits
当他告诉我们这则消息,我们都兴高采烈。
四、on the booud,on the boards
on the board与 on the boards 前者意为 to be discussed at the meeting(将在会上讨论);后者表示 employed as an actor(做演员)或 to be on the stage(在舞台上)的含义。例如:
1.The problem you put forth yesterday will be on the board tomorrow.
你昨天提出的问题明天将在会上讨论。
2.He has been hoping to be on the boards since his childhood.
他从小就一直想当演员。
五、in a word,words
in a word与 in words前者等于 in short (简言之)的含义;后者与 in deeds(在行动上)相对,意为“在口头上”。例如:
1. In a word,practice is the only criterion of truth.
一句话,实践是检验真理的唯一标准。
2.He agreed in words but opposed in deeds
他是口头上赞成实际上反对。
六、 at a ollse end,at loose ends
at a loose end与at loose ends前者意为“没有事做”、“闲着”,相当于 tohave nothing to do;后者表示“不知做什么好”的含义,与 to be at a loss相近。例如:
1.When we were busy preparing for the final examination,he was at a looseend.
当我们忙于准备期末考试时,他却无所事事。
2.When Bill saw his parents quarrelling,he was at loose ends.
比尔看到父母在争吵时,不知做什么好。
除上述的例子外,还有一些,比如说on the wing(在飞行、在匆忙中)与 on the wings(飘飘然)等等。
