a poem→stanza/strophe→line/verse→foot(arsis/ictus//thesis)
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meter/measure(格律)
格律:每个音节中重读音节和非重读音节的排列方式
What is meter?
Meter is simply a rhythm that has been chosen by the poet and which he repeats and uses consistently over the length of a stanza or complete poem. For a poem to be described as being written in meter, it has to have a specific rhythm that is repeated and used continually
音步
what is foot?
There are arious units of meter, or paterns, that a poet is likely to use. A foot usually consists of one stressed and two unstressed syllabus. A vertical line is used to saparate the foot.
A foot of a poetry can be arranged in a variety of patterns. The two most commonly used feet are as follows: Iambic trochaic
按格律分:
抑扬格(Iambic Foot)
音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成
扬抑格(trochaic Foot)
音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成
扬抑抑格(Dactyl)
音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成
抑抑扬格(Anapaestic Foot)
音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成
抑扬抑格(Amphibrachy Foot)
这种格律是一个音步由三个音节组成,其中第一、三个音节为非重读音节,第二个音节为重读音节,呈现模式为“ˇ - ˇ”
扬扬格(spondee)
这种格律秒表现为一个音步由两个重读音节构成的模式“ - - ”
抑抑格(pyrrhic)
这种格律秒表现为一个音步由两个非重读音节构成的模式“ˇˇ”
按音步数量分为:
一音步(monometer)
二音步(dimeter)
三音步(trimeter)
四音步(tetrameter)
五音步(pentameter)
六音步(hexameter)
七音步(heptameter)
八音步(octameter)
抑扬格(Iambic Foot)
ˇ - ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
She walks| in beau|ty, like |the night
ˇ - ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
Of cloud|less climes| and star|ry skies;
ˇ - ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
And all |that’s best |of dark |and bright
ˇ - ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
Meet in |her as|pect and| her eyes.
ˇ - ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
Thus mel|lowed to |that ten|der light
ˇ - ˇ ˇ - ˇ - ˇ -
Which hea|ven to gau|dy day |denies.
---B. Byron,“She Walks in beauty”
她走在美的光彩中,象夜晚
皎洁无云而且繁星满天;
明与暗的最美妙的色泽
在她的仪容和秋波里呈现;
耀目的白天只嫌光太强,
它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。
拜伦:《她走在美的光彩中》查良铮译
扬抑格(trochaic Foot)
例:Men of England, Wherefore
