Language Point 1
In his lectures to medical students... (Para.1)
lecture: n. [C]
1) a talk given to a group of people on a particular subject 讲课；讲座
He gave several lectures on culture. 他作了几个文化方面的讲座。
Students have to go to five lectures a week. 学生们一周要上五节课。
2) a serious talk to sb. that explains what he or she has done wrong 训斥
I suppose John is getting the same lecture from his father. 我想约翰也在受父亲同样的训斥。
I expected a lecture, but she said nothing. 我以为她会说我一顿，但她什么也没说。
v.
1) give a lecture or lectures 讲课；作讲座
The professor will be lecturing somewhere in this university. 这位教授将在本校某个系讲学。
I’m going to lecture my students today. 今天我准备给学生们上课。
2) talk seriously to sb. about what he or she has done wrong 告诫
The police officer lectured the boys about the danger of playing ball games in the road. 警察告诫那些男孩在马路上踢球很危险。
The doctor lectured his patient about not smoking too much. 医生告诫病人不要过度吸烟。
Language Point 2
... Doctor Mellinkoff always said it was of great importance to pay attention to what the patient was saying. (Para.1)
pay attention to: watch or listen carefully, with great interest注意；留心
Please pay attention to what I am saying. 请注意我说的话。
You must pay attention to the teacher. 你必须专心听老师讲课。
attention: n. [U]
1) careful watching or listening 注意，专心
Give your whole attention to what you are doing. 把全部注意力集中在你所做的事情上。
He shouted to attract attention. 他高声喊叫以引起别人的注意。
2) special care 关心，关注
The walls of the house need attention. 房屋的墙壁需要修补。
Language Point 3
… for the purpose of discussing interesting cases. (Para.2)
purpose: n. [C]
1) a reason for doing sth. 意图，目的
What was the purpose of this meeting? 举办这次会议的目的是什么？
For business purposes, we’d better sign the contract (合约). 为了做生意，我们最好签署这个合约。
2) the use or effect 用途，效果
Don’t waste your money; put it to some good purpose. 别乱花钱，钱要花在正事上。
I haven’t got a pen, but a pencil will serve the same purpose. 我没带钢笔，不过铅笔也行。
Language Point 4
The case at hand was a Guatemalan man, aged 34, ... (Para.2)
at hand: near in place or time 在手边；即将到来
I haven’t the dictionary at hand, so I’ll look up the word later. 字典不在我手边，我一会儿再查这个词。
The great day is at hand. 伟大的一天即将到来。
Language Point 5
…who had a fever and many other medical problems. (Para.2)
fever: n. [C; U] an increase of heat in one’s body because of illness 发烧
She didn’t go to school yesterday because she had a very high fever. 她昨天发高烧，所以没去上学。
Language Point 6
Dr. Mellinkoff asked about the man’s diet… (Para.3)
diet: n. [C] the food and drink usually taken by a person 日常饮食
They lived on a diet of potatoes in the past. 过去他们以马铃薯为主食。
The doctor put me on a low-salt diet. 医生嘱咐我吃低盐食品。
v. eat according to a special diet 按规定进食；忌口
No sugar in my coffee, please; I’m dieting. 咖啡中请别放糖，我正在控制饮食。
Language Point 7
…and learned that the man had no desire to eat. (Para.3)
desire: n.
1) [C;U] a strong wish 渴望；欲望
He expressed a desire to become rich. 他表达了致富的愿望。
2) [C] sth. that is desired 渴望的事
I hope you will achieve all your desires. 我希望你能得到所有你想要的东西。
My greatest desire is to go back home. 我最大的愿望是回家。
vt. want or wish for sth. very much 渴望，期望
He desired a college education. 他希望能接受大学教育。
They desired me to return soon. 他们要我快点回来。
Language Point 8
…the patient’s medical history and general situation, ... (Para.3)
general: a.
1)not in detail 大体的；概括的
I only give the book a general review and find it very interesting. 这本书我只是大致浏览了一下，发现很有趣。
The back cover gives you a general idea of what the book is about. 封底介绍了这本书的大致内容。
2)for most people 普遍的
That is a matter of general interest. 这是大家普遍感兴趣的问题。
3) not limited to one subject; not special 不限于某一科目的；非专门的
The patient was sent to a general hospital. 病人被送往一家综合医院。
Language Point 9
…under a blanket outside the X-ray room. (Para.3)
blanket: n. [C] a thick cover that is put on a bed 毯子
He put a light blanket into his bag. 他把一条薄毯子放进包里。
vt. cover as if with a blanket 覆盖；笼罩
The countryside was blanketed with snow. 乡间大地被雪覆盖了。
Language Point 10
… he gave no sign of it. (Para.3)
sign: n. [C]
1) sth. that tells one about another thing 迹象；征兆
There are some signs that things are getting better. 事情有好转的迹象。
2) a movement of the body to express a special meaning 示意；手势
She put up her hand as a sign to be quiet. 她举起手，示意要大家安静。
He gave the go-ahead sign. 他作了一个放行的手势。
3) a thing with words or pictures on it that tells one sth. 指示牌
There is an EXIT sign above the door. 门上方有一个写着“出口”的标牌。
The sign says “No Parking”. 牌子上写着“禁止停车”。
v. write one’s name on a paper for official purposes, to show one’s agreement 签名
The president signed his name on the contract. 总裁在合同上签了字。
Could you sign here, please? 请在这里签名好吗？
Language Point 11
He approached the patient and, … (Para.3)
approach: v.
1) come near to sb. or sth. 接近，走近
When you approach the village you will see a small shop on your left. 你走近那个村子就会见到在左边有个小商店。
Christmas is approaching, and the shops are expecting to increase their sales at this time around. 圣诞节就要到了，商家期待着在这个时期增加他们的销售额。
2) begin to deal with 处理
He suggested several ways of approaching the problem. 他提出了处理这个问题的几种方法。
n.
1) [U] the act of coming near 接近，走近
The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天带来丝丝凉意。
Hearing his approach, she turned around and faced him. 听见他走近，她转过身来面对着他。
2) [C] a way of dealing with sb. or sth. 途径，方法
He decided to use a different approach to teach his students. 他决定采用另一种方法教学生。
Language Point 12
…introduced himself and, ... (Para.3)
introduce: vt.
1) make known to another 介绍，引见
Have you two been introduced? 你们两人被引见过了吗？
Let me introduce myself. My name is Dick. 让我自我介绍一下，我叫迪克。
2) bring in 引入，引进
Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America. 马铃薯最初是由南美传入欧洲的。
Language Point 13
…in a very gentle voice, asked how he felt. (Para.3)
gentle: a. kind; soft 和蔼的，轻柔的
He was a gentle, patient man who loved playing with children. 他这个人既随和又有耐心，喜欢跟孩子们一起玩。
Be gentle when you wash the baby’s hair. 给婴儿洗头时，动作要轻。
Language Point 14
The patient said that he was not hungry. (Para.3)
hungry: a.
1) feeling that one wants or needs to eat 饥饿的
If you don’t go shopping this evening, you will have to go hungry. 今晚你如果不去买东西，就要挨饿了。
2) having a strong desire for 渴望的
The children in the rural areas are hungry for knowledge, and we hope the “Hope Project” could set up more schools to meet their needs. 农村的孩子们渴望获得知识，我们希望“希望工程”能建立更多的学校来满足他们的需要。
Language Point 15
…but his expression showed that … (Para.5)
expression: n.
1) [C] the look on one’s face that shows one’s feelings 表情；神色
There was an expression of discontent (不满) on her face. 她脸上有不满的表情。
When I saw her expression, I knew I was in trouble. 看到她的表情，我知道自己要倒霉了。
2) [C] a word or group of words 词；词语
“Shut up” is not a polite expression. “住嘴”是不礼貌的言辞。
I learned many useful expressions in the text. 我在这篇课文中学到许多有用的词组。
3) [C; U] showing of feelings, opinions, etc. 表达；表现
The scenery (景色) was beautiful beyond expression. 这里的景色美丽得无法形容。
Language Point 16
The answer was negative. (Para.7)
negative: a.
1) saying or meaning “no” or “not” 否定的
If you ask me this question a thousand times, my answer is still negative. 即使你问我一千次这个问题，我的答案仍然是否定的。
“I don’t like British food” is a negative sentence. “我不喜欢英国菜”是一个否定句。
2) not active; not helpful 消极的；负面的
What you have done will only play a negative role in carrying out the plan. 你们的做法只会给执行这一计划带来消极作用。
Language Point 17
The doctor put his hand on the man’s shoulder and his voice was very soft. (Para.8)
shoulder: n. [C] the part of one’s body at each side of the neck 肩部，肩膀
Put this coat over your shoulders in case you get cold. 把这件大衣披上，以防着凉。
v.
1) bear; take on 担负；承担
He should shoulder all the costs. 他应该承担所有费用。
2) make one’s way with the shoulder 用肩推
She shouldered through the crowd. 她用肩膀挤着穿过人群。
Language Point 18
The change in the patient’s appearance couldn’t have been more obvious. (Para.11)
Meaning: The change in the patient’s expression was very clear.
appearance: n. [C; U]
1) the way sb. or sth. looks 样子；外表
Her new hairstyle changed her appearance. 她的新发型使她变了样子。
He had an unhealthy appearance. 他看起来气色不太好。
2) the coming of sb. or sth. 出现
His sudden appearance surprised her. 他的突然到来使她很惊讶。
Language Point 19
The change in the patient’s appearance couldn’t have been more obvious. (Para.11)
obvious: a. easy to see 明显的；显而易见的
A five-day week has many obvious advantages. 实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
It is obvious that he is very clever. 显然，他很聪明。
Language Point 20
The chat with the doctor had helped. (Para.11)
Meaning: The patient’s talk with the doctor had produced some good effect.
Language Point 21
… to get the kitchen to make special meals. (Para.12)
Meaning: … to have the cooks prepare food to the special needs of each patient.
kitchen: n. [C] a room where one cooks food 厨房
We usually have a wrong idea that women’s role is only limited to the kitchen. 我们通常会有一种错误观念，即认为女性的角色只限于在厨房里。
Note: 这里的kitchen并不真的指“厨房”，而是指在厨房里工作的人。这种修辞手法叫做 “换喻”。又如：
Have I explained this question clearly, class? 我把这个问题讲清楚了吗，同学们？
Language Point 22
“Suppose,” the doctor replied, “you felt a certain medicine was absolutely necessary but that our hospital didn’t carry it, would you accept defeat or would you insist the hospital meet your request?” (Para.13)
Meaning: The doctor answered, “If you believed that only one kind of medicine could save a patient’s life but the hospital happened not to have it, would you just let the patient die, or would you have the hospital find the medicine?”
Note: 虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用 if 引导外，还可用 suppose 来引导，例如：
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America, would you accept it? 假如给你一个去美国学习的机会，你会接受吗?
Language Point 23
“Suppose,” the doctor replied,…(Para.13)
reply: v. answer 回答，答复
She replied that she had never seen the man before. 她回答说她从未见过这个人。
I wrote, but she did not reply. 我写了信，但她没有回信。
n. [C; U] an answer 回答，答复
What did you say in reply to his suggestion? 你是怎样答复他的建议的？
Language Point 24
…a certain medicine was absolutely necessary… (Para.13)
necessary: a. that must be needed 必要的；必需的
Cars are a necessary part of life. 汽车是生活中一个必要的组成部分。
Sleep is necessary to health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。
Language Point 25
…but that our hospital didn’t carry it, … (Para.13)
carry: vt.
1)keep ready for sale or use 备货
This shop doesn’t carry wines. 这家商店不售酒。
2) take to another place or keep on one’s body 运送；携带
The waiter carried the meal to the table. 服务员把菜端到桌上来。
I made a terrible mistake. I went to the meeting without carrying some important papers. 我犯了一个大错，居然没带重要文件就去开会了。
Language Point 26
…would you accept defeat or …(Para.13)
defeat: n. [C; U] the state of being beaten 挫折；失败
The football team suffered a defeat. 这支足球队被击败了。
vt. win someone in a fight or game 击败；战胜
The enemy was finally defeated. 敌人最终被打败了。
Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望落空了。
Language Point 27
…or would you insist the hospital meet your request? (Para.13)
insist: v. say that one must do sth. or have sth. happen 坚决要求；坚持认为
I insisted on his coming with us. 我坚持要求他和我们一起来。
We all insist that we will not rest until we finish the work. 大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息。
Language Point 28
... or would you insist the hospital meet your request? (Para.13)
request: n. [C] the act of asking for sth. 要求；请求
The country made an official request for help. 这个国家正式请求帮助。
His request for more workers was turned down. 他要更多工人的请求被拒绝了。
vt. ask for 要求；请求
All I request of you is that you should be early. 我对你惟一的要求是早点到。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits (展览品). 来宾请勿动展览品。
Language Point 29
You might want to try the same method in the kitchen. (Para.15)
Meaning: You might suggest that the kitchen meet the request of the patient.
Language Point 30
Meanwhile, let’s get some food inside this man as fast as possible, and stay with it. (Para.15)
Meaning: At the same time, let’s get some special food for this man to eat as soon as we can, and go on offering him the same kind of food if he likes it.
meanwhile: ad.
1) at the same time as another thing is happening 与此同时
Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching TV. 简在写信，而帕特正在看电视。
2) during the time between two things happening 其间
They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have some coffee. 他们很快就到，我们趁此机会喝点咖啡。
Language Point 31
Meanwhile, let’s get some food inside this man as fast as possible, and stay with it. (Para.15)
inside: prep. in or within 在……里面；在……以内
She put the money inside her bag. 她把钱放在包里。
We’ll be there inside an hour. 我们一个小时之内到。
ad. within sth. 在里面
There is nobody inside. 里面没有人。
a. inner 里面的，内部的
The reporter got the inside story of the murder. 这位记者获知了凶杀案的内幕。
Language Point 32
Meanwhile, let’s get some food inside this man as fast as possible, and stay with it. (Para.15)
stay with: go on with the same kind of things; continue 使……继续下去
How long have you stayed with this method? 这种方法你用多久了？
He stayed with the story until he finished it. 他一直在读（写）这个故事，直到把它读（写）完。
Language Point 33
Or he’ll be killed by hunger. (Para.15)
hunger: n. [U] the need for food 饥饿；饥荒
In that country, a lot of people died from hunger. 在那个国家，许多人死于饥饿。
Language Point 34
By the way, there must be someone … (Para.15)
by the way: mention by chance 顺便提一下
Oh, by the way, I saw Mary in town yesterday. 哦，顺便提一下，昨天我在镇上见到玛丽了。
By the way, I had a letter from John yesterday. 顺便说一句，我昨天收到了约翰的来信。
Language Point 35
If we want to make real progress … (Para.15)
progress: n. [U] development towards a better state 进展；进步
They are making progress towards solving (解决) the problem. 他们正在逐步解决这一问题。
You have made progress with your English. 你的英语进步了。
vi. develop or move forward 前进；进步
Later he progressed to more difficult tasks. 后来，他又担负起更艰巨的任务。
I felt more tired as the day progressed. 我感到一天比一天疲倦。
Language Point 36
… the Guatemalan man had left the hospital under his own power. (Para.16)
Meaning: … the Guatemalan man had left the hospital by himself.
power: n. [U]
1) the strength or ability to do sth. 体力；能力
You need to have some power in your legs to be able to walk. 你腿上要有点力气才能走路。
Some animals have the power to see in the dark. 有些动物具有在黑暗中看东西的本领。
2)the ability to control over others 权力；影响力
We respect him not for his power, but for his great personality (人格). 我们尊重他不是因为他的权力，而是因为他的伟大品格。
