Language Point 1
In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer. (Para.1)
lung: n. [C] either of the two parts inside one’s chest with which one breathes 肺
We stopped to breathe the fresh air deep into our lungs. 我们停下来，将新鲜空气深深吸入肺中。
He died of lung cancer. 他死于肺癌。
Language Point 2
In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer. (Para.1)
cancer: n. [C; U] a serious illness which may cause death 癌，癌症
They discovered that she had cancer. 他们发现她患了癌症。
There are many kinds of cancer. 癌症有许多种。
Language Point 3
… who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (Para.1)
pack: n.
1) a packet 小盒，小包
There was a pack of cards on the table. 桌上有一盒卡片。
He took a pack of cigarettes from his pocket. 他从口袋里拿出一盒香烟。
2) a number of things put together 包，捆
I saw the man take something from the pack on his back. 我看到那个人从他的背包中取出一些东西。
Of course the whole thing is a pack of lies. 当然整个事情都是谎言。
3) a group of wild animals 一群
There is a pack of wolves outside. 外面有一群狼。
A pack of dogs was suddenly set free. 一群狗突然被放了出来。
Language Point 4
… who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. (Para.1)
marriage: n.
1)[C;U] the state of being married 婚姻（状况）
She told me that her first marriage was not happy. 她告诉我她的第一次婚姻不幸福。
They are getting divorced after five years of marriage. 经过五年婚姻生活后，他们正在办离婚。
2) [C; U] the uniting of a man and a woman 结婚，婚礼
The marriage took place in a restaurant and many relatives came to it. 婚礼在一家饭店举行，有许多亲友参加。
That actress had two marriages. 那位女演员结过两次婚。
Language Point 5
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. (Para.2)
for sure: without any question有把握地，肯定地
I’ll be there for sure. 我肯定要去。
He won’t give you any money, and that’s for sure. 他不会给你钱，这是肯定的。
Language Point 6
Even so, doctors believe that … (Para.2)
even so: in spite of that 即便如此
There are a lot of mistakes; even so it’s quite a good article. 这篇文章有很多错误，即便如此，它也写得不错。
I didn’t have lunch today, but even so I’m not hungry. 我今天没吃午饭，然而并不饿。
Language Point 7
… has some relation to … (Para.2)
relation: n.
1) [U] the state of being connected; relationship 联系，关系
There is no relation between the size of a country and the number of people who live there. 国家的大小与其居民人数并无关系。
The film has some relation to the book. 那部影片与这本书的内容有些关系。
2) [C] a member of one’s family 家人；亲戚，亲属
The couple invited all their relations to the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of their marriage. 夫妇俩邀请了所有的亲戚参加他们结婚20周年的庆典。
He is staying with his relations. 他住在亲戚家里。
注意以下两种不同的说法：
What relation are you to each other? 你们有什么亲属关系？
Are you any relation to each other? 你们是亲戚吗？
Language Point 8
This smoke is called secondhand smoke. (Para. 2)
secondhand: a.
1) taken from others; not one’s own 间接的，二手的
I wrote this report based on secondhand information. 我是根据二手资料写这份报告的。
2) owned or used by someone else before; not new 用过的，旧的；二手的
Secondhand products are usually not expensive. 二手商品通常不贵。
That secondhand car costs only two hundred dollars. 那辆二手车只花了200美元。
ad. in an indirect way 间接地
I bought this car secondhand. 我买的这辆车是二手货。
Language Point 9
Now he is dying of lung cancer. (Para.2)
die of: stop living because of 死于
Many people have died of this disease. 已经有许多人死于这种病。
His mother died of heart disease. 他的母亲是因心脏病去世的。
Language Point 10
… each year as a result of … (Para.2)
as a result of: because of sth. 由于……的结果
As a result of the accident John couldn’t go to school. 由于这次事故约翰没能上学。
I became ill as a result of my long journey. 由于长途跋涉我病倒了。
Language Point 11
The smoke that comes from the burning tobacco leaf in cigarettes contains many different dangerous materials, which are delivered into the body by the smoke. (Para.3)
Meaning: The smoke from the burning cigarettes has many different dangerous materials in it, which are taken into the body through the smoke.
tobacco: n. [U] the leaves of some plant dried and prepared for smoking 烟叶，烟草
Tobacco is bad for your health. 烟草对你的健康不利。
He put some tobacco in his pipe and lit it. 他在烟斗里装了些烟丝后点燃了它。
Language Point 12
The smoke that comes from the burning tobacco leaf in cigarettes ... (Para.3)
leaf: n. [C] one of the usually flat and green parts of a plant叶；树叶
Some plants have leaves that grow straight out of ground. 有些植物的叶子直接从地下长出。
Leaves fall from the trees in autumn. 秋天树叶就落了。
Language Point 13
The smoke that comes from the burning tobacco leaf in cigarettes contains many different dangerous materials... (Para.3)
contain: vt. have as a part; hold 包含，容纳
This wooden box contains many tools. 这个木箱里装有许多工具。
The report contains some latest information about education. 这份报告中有一些关于教育的最新信息。
Language Point 14
…which are delivered into the body by the smoke. (Para.3)
deliver: vt.
1) send things to sb. or to some places 传送，传递
The job of a mailman is to deliver letters, newspapers, and packages. 邮递员的工作是投递信件、报纸和包裹。
Will you deliver the goods to my home, or do I have to come over to collect them? 你们是把货物送到我家，还是由我自己来提取？
2) speak or read aloud to a group of people 讲(话)
The president is going to deliver his annual speech at the meeting. 校长将在会上做年度演说。
He delivered a long speech about the dangers of smoking. 他就吸烟的危害发表了一个很长的演说。
Language Point 15
Lately, though, scientists discovered that even people … (Para.3)
Meaning: Recently, however, scientists discovered that even people …
lately: ad. in the recent past; recently 近来，最近
It appears that he doesn’t feel well lately. 他近来似乎不太舒服。
Hasn’t the weather been bad lately? 最近的天气很不好，是吗？
Language Point 16
Lately, though, scientists discovered that even people … (Para.3)
though: ad. however 然而，但是
It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though. 这是件苦活，但我乐意干。
Be quick, though; we haven’t time to lose. 可是得赶快，我们时间很紧。
Note: though作副词可用于句中或句尾，但不能用于句首。
Language Point 17
… at some time draw in tobacco smoke with each breath… (Para.3)
draw: v.
1) take breath in 吸气
The actor drew a deep breath and then continued. 演员深深吸了一口气，然后继续演出。
They stopped to draw breath at the top of the hill. 到了山顶他们便停下来歇口气。
2) cause to move by pulling 拖，拉，拽
She drew the doctor to one side and anxiously discussed her mother’s illness. 她把医生拉到一边，忧心忡忡地谈论她母亲的病情。
She drew me by the hand into the room. 她拉着我的手，领我进了房间。
3) pull out 取出，抽出，拉出
The boy drew out a pack of cigarettes. 那男孩取出一包烟。
She drew the letter out of her pocket and handed it to me. 她从口袋里掏出那封信，交给了我。
4) cause to come over; attract 吸引
The play is drawing huge crowds. 这出戏吸引了大批观众。
Language Point 18
… at some time draw in tobacco smoke with each breath… (Para.3)
breath: n.
1) [C] an act of taking air in and out （一次）呼吸
He took a deep breath and then jumped into the water. 他深吸了一口气后跳入水中。
Let’s go out for a breath of fresh air. 咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气吧。
2) [U] the air taken in and out of the lungs 呼吸，气息
We were out of breath after running all the way home. 我们一路跑回家，跑得上气不接下气。
If you run very fast, you may lose your breath. 如果跑得太快，你可能喘不过气来。
Language Point 19
Even though many public places have no smoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. (Para.3)
Meaning: Many public places have no smoking areas, but smoke still comes in from the areas where smoking is not controlled.
Note: even 可以与though连用以加强语气，但不可以与although连用：
She didn’t want to go to the party, although/though/even though she knew all her friends would be there. 尽管她知道她所有的朋友都会去参加晚会，她自己却不想去。
though 可以用于句末，表示“但是，然而”，although则不可以：
She knew all her friends would be there. She didn’t want to go, though. 她知道她所有的朋友都会出席，但她不想去。
Language Point 20
… smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. (Para.3)
flow
1) vi. move along 流动，流淌
The river flowed through the village. 小河穿过村庄。
She stood at the window, watching the cars flowing along in the streets. 她站在窗前，注视着街道上来来往往的汽车。
2) n. (sing.) a regular, continuous movement of sb. or sth. 流动
There is a regular flow of young people from the country to the town. 农村的年轻人不断地涌入城市。
The flow of air was stopped when she closed the window. 她把窗子关上后空气就不流通了。
The doctor stopped the flow of blood from the cut. 医生将切口处的血止住了。
Language Point 21
… smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. (Para.3)
permit: v.
1)allow sb. to do sth. 允许，准许
Smoking is not permitted inside the building. 楼内不准吸烟。
Students are not permitted to eat foods in the classroom. 学生不准在教室里吃东西。
2) make sth. possible 容许，许可
I would tell you more about my personal experience if time permitted. 假如时间允许的话，我会同你们多谈一些我个人的经历。
Let’s have a picnic at the weekend if weather permits. 如果天气好的话，周末一起去野餐吧。
Language Point 22
… live in homes with at least one smoker. (Para.4)
Meaning: … live in homes where there is at least one smoker.
at least
1) not less than, and probably more 至少
This car will cost at least $ 2,000. 这辆车至少要2,000美元。
There were a hundred girls, at least, in the hall. 大厅里至少有100个女孩子。
2) if nothing else; somehow 无论如何；至少
It may not be beautiful but at least it’s not expensive. 它也许不美，但至少不贵。
We’re not rich, but at least we’re happy. 我们虽然并不富裕，但是我们很愉快。
Language Point 23
The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. (Para.4)
Meaning: The damage of secondhand smoke to children also continues to affect them as they grow up.
damage：
1) vt. harm or break 损伤，损害
The building was damaged by the explosion. 大楼因爆炸而被破坏。
How did he damage your car? 他是怎么弄坏你的车的？
2) n. [U] harm or hurt caused when sth. is broken or ruined 损伤，损害
The storm caused great damage. 暴风雨造成了极大破坏。
How much must I pay for the damage? 我要付多少钱来弥补损失？
Language Point 24
The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. (Para.4)
effect: n.
1) [C;U] sth. that happens as a result 结果，效果，影响
One of the effects of the accident was that no more people would use this kind of car. 这次事故的一个结果是不再有人愿意开这种车了。
The restrictions on the sale of cigarettes didn’t have much effect on smokers.控制香烟的销售对吸烟者没有多大影响。
2) [C;U] the impression that a speaker, book, film, etc. gives 印象；效果
How does the artist create the effect of moonlight? 画家是怎样创造出月光效果的？
He likes to say things just for effect. 他喜欢哗众取宠。
Language Point 25
The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. (Para.4)
grow up: become mature or adult 变得成熟；长大成人
I don’t want to grow up to be like her! 我不想长大后变成她那样！
The girl told me that she wanted to be a writer when she grew up. 女孩告诉我她长大后想成为一名作家。
Language Point 26
… lung cancer occurs in the children … (Para.4)
occur: vi. take place; happen 发生，出现
The more cars flow into the streets, the more car accidents occur. 街上的车辆越多，交通事故就越多。
They couldn’t say for sure what had occurred. 他们不能确切地说出到底发生了什么事。
比较：occur to sb.: come into sb.’s mind想到，想起
It occurred to me that she didn’t know our new address. 我突然想到她不知道我们的新地址。
It never occurred to John that his wife might be unhappy. 约翰从没想到他的妻子会不快乐。
Language Point 27
… have laws that limit smoking. (Para.5)
limit: vt. keep within a certain degree 限制，约束
We must limit the amount of time we spend on this work. 我们必须限制在这项工作上花的时间。
He tried to limit his spending to $40 a day. 他试着把每天的花费控制在40美元以内。
n.
1)[C] the greatest amount of sth. that is possible, allowed, etc. 限制的数量
I can’t walk 10 miles; I know my own limits. 我走不了10英里，我知道自己的限度。
The speed limit is the fastest speed you are allowed to drive a car at. 速度限制是指允许汽车开的最高时速。
2)[C] the farthest point or line, which cannot or must not be passed 边界
The fence shows the limit of the field. 栅栏标出了田地的边界。
His popularity passed beyond the limits of the country. 他的声望已超出了国界。
Language Point 28
… on short airplane flights within the country. (Para.5)
flight: n.
1) [C] a journey through the air 航程；航班
There are several flights from Shanghai to New York. 从上海到纽约有好几次航班。
I’d like to take the direct flight. 我想乘直飞的航班。
2) [C;U] flying 飞行，飞翔
That was his first flight after he left the training school. 这是他离开培训学校后的第一次飞行。
The teacher showed us a series of photos of a bird in flight. 老师向我们展示了一系列鸟在飞行时的照片。
Language Point 29
… they will be persuaded to stop. (Para.6)
persuade: vt. make sb. willing to do sth. by asking, reasoning, etc. 劝说；说服
At least we can persuade them to support us. 至少我们能说服他们支持我们。
I can persuade her to come along. 我能劝她和我们一起去。
Language Point 30
Her decision comes too late to help her husband. (Para.6)
Meaning: She didn’t realize the dangers of secondhand smoke early enough to save her husband’s life.
late: a.
1) arriving, happening, etc., after the expected time 迟的，晚的
The doctors were too late to save him. 医生们已经来不及抢救他了。
During the rush hours, buses are often late. 在交通高峰期公交车总是晚点。
Although we started early, we were late for the flight. 我们很早就出发了， 但还是没赶上航班。
2) happening towards the end 较晚的，晚来的
In Summer the sun goes down in late evening. 夏天太阳很晚才落山。
She came back in the late afternoon. 她傍晚才回来。
ad. after the usual or right time 晚的，迟的
I was late for school because I got up late. 我上学迟到是因为我起晚了。
The bus arrived five minutes late. 公共汽车晚了5分钟到站。
Language Point 31
However, there is still time to come to the defense of others who live with smokers, especially children. (Para.6)
Meaning: However, we still have time to think about how to protect those who live with smokers, especially children, from the dangers of smoke.
defense (英defence): n.
1) [U] the act of protecting against attack 防御，防卫；维护
Every citizen should have a sense of the defense of his own country. 每个公民都应有保卫祖国的意识。
He spoke in firm defense of the council. 他坚决地为议会辩护。
2) [C;U] ways of protecting 防御手段，防御物
Trees are a defense against wind. 树木是防风的屏障。
The government decided to spend more money on defense. 政府决定投入更多资金用于国防。
Language Point 32
… be more fortunate than … (Para.6)
fortunate: a. having a good condition; lucky 幸运的；吉利的
He was fortunate to leave early. Otherwise he would have been killed. 他离开得早真是幸运，否则他会丧生的。
He was fortunate in having a good wife. 他很幸运，有一位好太太。
It was fortunate for her that the policeman arrived at that moment. 她很幸运，警察在那时赶到了。
