New Words
expansion
n. [U] action of expanding; state of being expanded
扩大，扩张，膨胀
Free expansion of a gas causes it to cool.
气体的自由膨胀会使其温度降低。
Expansion into new areas of research might be possible.
向新的研究领域拓展或许是可能的。
scholar
n. 1.[C] a person who studies a subject deeply
学者
a history scholar
历史学者
Dr. Miller was a distinguished scholar of Russian history and government.
米勒先生是一位俄国历史和政府体制方面的知名学者。
2. [C] a student who has been awarded money after a competitive exam
获奖学金的学生
a Rhodes scholar
罗兹奖学金获得者
scholastic
a. relating to school and education
学校的，学院的，学术上的
My scholastic achievements were not very good.
我的学业成绩并不优异。
The book concludes his scholastic achievements.
这本书总结了他学术上的成就。
motivate
vt. 1. cause to want to do sth.
激起（兴趣），激发（行动）
A good teacher is one who can motivate his students.
好老师是能激励学生的老师。
We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate our staff to work hard.
我们在寻找能激励职工们努力工作的人。
2. be the reason for (sb.'s action); cause (sb.) to act in a particular way
作为（……行为的）动机；激励
What motivates Derek is simply an unhealthy desire for more and more.
德里克这样做纯粹是出于贪婪。
They are motivated by a desire to help people.
他们这样做是出于想帮助人的愿望。
prospect
n. 1. (pl.) chance of success
前景，前程，前途
The prospects for this year's wine harvest are poor.
今年葡萄酒产量的前景并不乐观。
If she can bring in a few more good customers like that, her prospects with this company look excellent.
要是她能再多带几个那样的好客户来，她在这个公司的前途会十分看好。
2. [C, U] possibility or strong chance of sth. happening
前景，可能性
There's a reasonable prospect of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark.
在天黑前救出那个被困的孩子应该是可能的。
There's not much prospect that this war will be over soon.
这场战争不大可能很快结束。
accountant
n. [C] sb. who keeps or examines the records of money received, paid, etc. by a company or person
会计师，会计
Elaine's just got a job with a firm of accountants.
伊莱恩刚刚在一家会计事务所找到了一份工作。
Irving is the accountant for Robson Rhodes.
欧文是罗布森•罗德公司的会计。
civil
a. 1. of or relating to ordinary people rather than the armed forces or the Church
平民的（与军队、教会无关的）；文职的
civil servant
文职人员，公务员
civil government
文职政府
2. within the country
国内的
The country looks as though there is going to be a civil war.
这个国家看来好像将要爆发内战。
Thousands of people have been driven from their homes by civil war.
成千上万的人因内战而被迫离开家园。
fireman
n. [C] 消防队员
The driver of the lorry had been saved by the firemen.
消防队员救出了卡车司机。
Dozens of firemen ran to the spot after the explosion.
爆炸发生后，数十名消防队员冲向出事地点。
equality
n. [U] state of being equal
平等，同等，均等
Women are still making a great effort to achieve true equality with men.
妇女们仍在致力于实现真正的男女平等。
I believe in equality between the sexes.
我信奉性别之间的平等。
comparison
n. 1. [U] the act of comparing
比较, 对照
In comparison with Shanghai, this city is small.
与上海相比，这座城市较小。
He's a good writer but he doesn't bear comparison with Shakespeare.
他是一个优秀的作家，但无法与莎士比亚相比。
2. [C] a statement of the points of similarity and difference between two things
经比较得出的结论
She drew a comparison between life in the army and life at school.
她把军队生活和学校生活作了个比较。
preference
n. 1. [U] (sing.) liking for sth. (more than sth. else)
较喜欢，宁愿，偏爱
She has a preference for the color blue.
她比较喜欢蓝色。
Her preference is for comfortable rather than smart clothes.
她在衣着方面讲求的是舒适，而不是时髦。
2. [C] a thing that is liked better or best
喜爱物，偏爱物
What are your preferences in music?
你喜欢什么音乐？
I don't know your preferences, so please help yourself.
我不知道你喜欢吃什么，请自便吧。
housewife
n. [C] a woman whose work is inside the home, cleaning, cooking, etc., and who usually does not have any other job
家庭主妇，家庭妇女
Nowadays women don't necessarily give up their jobs and become housewives when they get married.
如今妇女在结婚后不必放弃工作去当家庭妇女。
Good value for money is what the housewife wants.
这位家庭主妇所希望的是物有所值。
athlete
n. [C] a person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports
运动员
He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.
他16岁时就成了职业运动员。
She has the build of an athlete.
她具有运动员的体格。
proportion
n. 1. [C] a comparative part or share of a whole
部分，份
A large proportion of the earth's surface is water.
地球表面的大部分是水。
A higher proportion of women are now working.
现在妇女中参加工作的人比例更高了。
2. [U] relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc.
比例，比率
What is the proportion of men to women in the population?
人口中男女的比率是多少？
construct
vt. 1. build (sth.); put or fit together; form
建造，构筑；构成；形成
The company has won the contract(合同) to construct the new bridge.
这家公司赢得了建造这座新桥的合同。
The wall is constructed of wood.
这堵墙是用木头建成的。
It's an elegantly constructed theory, but I'm afraid it's not right.
这是一个精心构建的理论，但恐怕并不正确。
His most recent novel is well constructed.
他最新出版的这部小说结构安排很完美。
constructive
a. having a useful purpose; helpful
建设性的，积极的，有益的
She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive - I learned a lot from her.
她对我的作品进行了建设性的评论--我从她那儿学到了很多东西。
If you don't have anything constructive to say I'd rather you keep quiet.
如果你说不出什么建设性的话，我看你还是别说。
vision
n. 1. [C] an imagined mental image of sth., including one's goal or dream
想像，构想，设想
We see in his novels the vision of the dark and destructive forces at work in human nature.
在他的小说中我们可以看到人类本性中那阴暗和毁灭性的力量在起作用的景象。
Johnny was late getting home and, as usual, I had visions of him lying dead in some street.
约翰尼回家晚了，我又像往常一样似乎觉得他躺在某一条街上死了。
2. [U] power of seeing; sight
视力，视觉
The blow on the head damaged his vision.
因头上挨过一击，他的视力受到了损害。
The tiger has come within my field of vision.
那只老虎已经走进了我的视野以内。
gang
n. 1. [C] a group of criminals; a group of usu. young men who cause trouble
一群罪犯；一伙，一帮
Don't go around with that gang or you'll come to no good.
不要跟那伙人混在一起，那不会有好下场的。
2. a group of friends, esp. teenagers
结伴的朋友（尤指少男少女）
Have you seen any of the gang lately?
最近你见到那伙朋友了吗？
A teacher was knocked down by a gang of school pupils.
一位老师被一群小学生给撞倒了。
vi. unite as a group against sb.
结成一伙，联合起来
They ganged up to try to change his decisions, but he refused to discuss it.
他们结成一伙试图改变他的决定，但他拒绝讨论这事。
swell
v. 1. (cause to) become greater
（使）变强，（使）增加，（使）提高
Twenty-five employees have joined the union in this month alone, swelling its number to 110.
仅这一个月就有25名雇员加入工会，使会员人数迅速增加至110人。
The soft rain swelled into a storm.
毛毛细雨变成了暴风雨。
2. (cause sth. to) become larger
（使）增大，（使）膨胀，（使）肿起
His face was swollen up with toothache.
由于牙痛，他的脸都肿起来了。
His heart swelled with pride as he stood watching his son win the race.
当他站在那儿看着儿子赛跑获胜时，心中感到无限自豪。
rank
n. 1. (usu. the ~s or the ~ and file) ordinary members of an organization, esp. of the armed forces
普通成员，普通士兵
The party leadership seems to be losing the support of the ranks.
这个政党的领导似乎正在失去普通党员的支持。
Twenty-five new soldiers have joined the army, which swelled its ranks to110.
25名新兵的加入使部队人数增至110人。
2. [C, U] position higher or lower than others', showing the importance or the degree of responsibility of the person having it; (high) social class
地位，级别；（高）社会阶层
Having a large income is one of the advantages of rank.
高级职位的好处之一是有高额的收入。
The exhibition is open to people of all ranks and classes.
这个展览对各个阶层的人士开放。
3. [C] a row, esp. of people or things standing side by side
行，列，排
In Cambridge, ranks of bikes line the streets outside the colleges.
在剑桥，各学院外面的街道旁摆放着一排排自行车。
industrial
a. having highly developed industries
工业高度发达的
an industrial nation
工业国
periodical
n. [C] a magazine or newspaper that is published regularly
期刊，杂志
The periodical is published every month.
这本杂志每月出版一期。
She has been writing for several English periodicals.
她一直在为几家英语期刊撰稿。
a. happening repeatedly over a period of time
周期的，周期性的
a periodical medical check
定期体检
He suffers periodical mental diseases.
他患有周期性发作的精神病。
variation
n. 1.[C] sth. that is presented in a slightly different form
变异, 变化
His endless complaints are all variations on the same thing.
他无休止的抱怨说来说去全是同一码子事。
2. [C, U] change in amount or level
变化（量），变动（程度）
The medical tests showed some variation in the baby's heart rate.
医学检查显示婴儿的心率不齐。
The research team has a very good record of day-to-day variations in pollution in the air.
这个研究小组详尽地记录了大气污染逐日的差异。
forecast
n. [C] a statement that predicts sth. with the help of information
预测，预报
According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天是晴天。
She gave a very depressing economic forecast last night on the radio.
她昨晚在广播里对经济作了非常悲观的预测。
vt. predict with the help of information
预言，预测，预报
Snow has been forecast for tonight.
天气预报说今晚要下雪。
Oil prices are forecast to increase by less than 2% this year.
据预测今年石油价格增长将低于2%。
absence
n. 1. [U] lack; non-existence
缺乏；不存在
In the absence of any other suitable people who wanted this job, we decided to offer the job to Mr. Conway.
由于没有别的合适人选竞争这份工作，我们决定让康韦先生来做。
He drew attention to the absence of definite proof.
他让大家注意，尚缺乏确凿的证据。
2. [U] the state or a period of being away
缺席，不在，离开
It happened in your absence.
那件事是你不在的时候发生的。
A new manager was appointed during your absence.
你不在的时候任命了一位新经理。
plausible
a. (of a statement, an excuse, etc.) seeming to be right or reasonable
（指陈述、借口）似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的
She could find no plausible explanation for its disappearance.
对于那件物品的失踪，她找不到合理的解释。
His story sounded plausible.
他的故事听起来似乎可信。
gloomy
a. 1. (that makes people) sad and disappointed
令人沮丧的，令人忧郁的
In spite of the gloomy economic forecasts, the manufacturers are all confident about the future prospect.
尽管经济方面的预测并不乐观，制造商们却对前景一致看好。
What are you so gloomy about? Cheer up!
你发什么愁？打起精神来！
2. dark or unlighted
昏暗的，阴暗的，阴沉的
We ran past the gloomy corner.
我们跑着穿过那个阴暗的角落。
What gloomy weather we're having!
天气真阴沉！
implicit
a. 1. understood without being directly expressed, clearly intended even though it is not said
暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的
Implicit in the poem's closing lines are the poet's own religious doubts.
在这首诗最后几行中暗示了诗人自己宗教上的疑虑。
You must fulfill the duties which are implicit in the agreement.
你必须履行协议中所包含的责任和义务。
2. unnecessary to be questioned
深信不疑的，绝对的
I have implicit trust in your abilities.
我完全相信你的能力。
All her life she had implicit faith in God.
她一生毫无保留地笃信上帝。
fearful
a. 1. nervous and afraid
惧怕的，担心的
He hesitated before ringing her, fearful of what she might say.
他在给她打电话之前犹豫了一阵，害怕她会说什么。
She's fearful that we might wake the baby.
她担心我们会把婴儿吵醒。
2. terrible, causing fear
可怕的，吓人的
There was a fearful railway accident yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午发生了一起可怕的铁路交通事故。
There was a fearful fight when he demanded his money back.
他在讨回他的钱时，发生了一场恶斗。
backward
a. 1. directed towards the back or the starting point
向后的，倒着的
She left without a backward look.
她走了，没回头看一眼。
He took a backward step and ran away.
他向后退了一步，跑了。
2. having made or making less than normal progress
进步迟缓的，落后的
My hometown is a very backward part of the country, with no proper roads and no electricity.
我的家乡是落后的农村，既没有像样的道路又不通电。
When he was a child, his teachers thought he was backward.
小时候他的老师觉得他很迟钝。
principal
a. first in rank or importance; main
重要的，首要的，主要的
The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe.
多瑙河是欧洲的主要河流之一。
The principal reason for moving was to find a house in a more peaceful neighborhood.
搬家最主要的原因是为了在更宁静的地区找一所房子。
n. [C] the head in an organization, esp. in certain schools and colleges
（学校或机构主管人的称谓）校长，院长
the Principal of St. James' College
圣詹姆斯学院院长
If you talk any more in class, I'm sending you off to see the principal.
你要是上课再讲话，我就带你去见校长。
principally
ad. for the most part
大多，主要地
Resistance to the changes comes principally from the unions.
对改革的反对意见主要来自于工会。
The advertising campaign is aimed principally at women.
广告宣传活动主要瞄准了妇女。
economic
a. connected with trade, industry and the management of money; of economics
经济（上）的；经济学的
The economic growth of this country was quite rapid last year.
这个国家去年经济增长相当迅速。
economically
ad. 1. concerning economics or economy
在经济（学）上
Economically, the country has been improving steadily these past ten years.
就经济而言，该国近十年来是在稳步发展。
Economically speaking, tourism doesn't belong to heavy industry.
从经济学角度讲，旅游业不属于重工业范畴。
2. not wastefully
节约地，俭省地，经济地
Mary dresses very economically because she makes all her clothes herself.
玛丽衣着俭朴, 衣服都是自己做的。
dominant
a. more important, strong, noticeable, etc. than anything else of the same type
最重要的，占统治地位的，支配的
No dominant group has appeared.
还没有出现占主导地位的集团。
It is a country that has long been the dominant military power in the region.
这是一个长期以来在该地区军事上居主导地位的国家。
asset
n. 1. (pl.) thing, esp. property, owned by a person, company, etc. that has value and can be used or sold
财产，资产
liquid assets
流动资产 (money or property that can easily be sold for money)
His assets included shares in the company and a house in London.
他的财产包括公司的股份和在伦敦的一所房子。
2. [C] a valuable or useful quality, skill or person
有价值的特性（技能，人才）
He's an enormous asset to the team.
他是该队极为宝贵的人才。
I am confident that I will be a tremendous asset to your company.
我深信我将成为贵公司的一笔巨大财富。
grind
vi. make a harsh noise
发出摩擦的声音
The old engine ground and shook.
那台旧发动机抖动着发出摩擦的声音。
vt. make sth. into small pieces, grain or dust by pressing between hard surfaces
磨碎，碾碎，磨成粉末
They grind the wheat to make flour.
他们把小麦磨成面粉。
eliminate
vt. remove or take away
排除，消除，根除
A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.
养成健康的饮食习惯有助于根除心脏病。
He was eliminated after the third round of the competitions.
第三轮比赛之后，他被淘汰出局。
display
vt. 1. show signs of having (a quality or emotion, etc.)
显露，表现出（一种品质或情感）
Her writing displays natural talent.
她的文章显露出了她的天资。
The British tend not to display much emotion in public.
英国人不爱在公共场合表露感情。
2. put sth. on show
陈列，展览
It's the first time the painting has been displayed to the public.
这幅画是首次公开展出。
Why don't you display your ad on the notice board where everyone can see it?
你为什么不把你的广告贴在布告牌上，让每个人都能看见？
the good old days
an earlier period of time (in one's life or in history) seen as better than the present
过去的好时光
The friends met occasionally to chat about the good old days at school.
朋友们偶尔聚会，谈论学生时代的美好时光。
My mother often talks about the good old days but they sound like the bad old days to me.
我的母亲常常谈起那昔日的美好时光，但是我听起来却像是过去的艰难岁月。
play (it) safe
carefully avoid risks
稳扎稳打，小心行事
The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now.
公共汽车可能会早到，所以为了保险起见我们最好现在就动身。
Let's allow an extra ten minutes, just to play it safe.
为了谨慎起见，我们还是再多安排10分钟吧。
whether or not
(used to introduce two possibilities)
是否，无论是不是，不管
They'll find out who did it, whether you tell them or not.
不管你是否告诉他们，他们都会查明是谁干的。
It all depends on whether or not she's got the time.
这全取决于她是否有时间了。
no wonder
it is not surprising
不令人吃惊，难怪
No wonder you were late!
难怪你来迟了！
No wonder the children are excited, this is the first time they've been abroad.
孩子们的激动是十分自然的，这是他们第一次出国。
be happy with
feel or express pleasure, satisfaction, etc.
对……感到满意，对……感到愉快
Are you happy with your life?
你对生活感到满意吗？
She's quite happy with the new working arrangements.
她对新的工作安排很满意。
civil servant
a person employed in the civil service
文职人员，公务员
Civil servants usually have longer holidays.
公务员一般有较长的假期。
in short
in a few words; briefly
总之，简言之
Things couldn't be worse, financially: in short, we have no money.
财政情况糟透了：一句话，我们没钱了。
He's disorganized, he's inefficient, he's never there when you want him - in short, the man's hopeless.
他办事没有条理，没有效率，当你需要他时总找不到他--一句话，这个人没治了。
by comparison
when compared
比较起来
The tallest buildings in London are small by comparison with those in New York.
伦敦最高的建筑与纽约的相比就相形见绌了。
The life at school seems comfortable by comparison with that in the army.
和军队生活相比，学校生活是舒适的。
associate with
join (people or things) together
联合，联系
You wouldn't normally associate him with that writer - their styles are completely different.
人们通常是不会把他和那位作者联系在一起的--他们的风格迥然不同。
I'd rather not associate myself with any political statements.
我可不想让自己与任何政治言论有什么联系。
inner city
oldest parts of a city, at or near its center
市中心区，老城区，内城
inner city housing problem
老城区的住房问题
The report stated that inner city schools were overcrowded and lacking in certain basic facilities.
报告说明老城区的学校人满为患，并且缺乏某些基本的设施。
at large
as a whole; in general
全部，整个
Elementary education is an important issue that needs to be discussed by society at large.
基础教育是重要问题，需要整个社会来讨论。
This shows the opinion of students at large.
这反映了学生们的普遍意见。
protect sb./sth. from sth.
keep sb./sth. safe from harm, hurt, etc.; defend sb./sth.
防御，保护
You need warm clothes to protect you from the cold.
你需要暖和的衣裳来御寒。
She's learning self-defense so she can protect herself from being attacked.
她正在学习自我防身术，以使自己免受攻击。
grind to a halt
gradually stop
(指过程) 慢慢停止
The strike brought industry grinding to a halt.
罢工使工业生产逐渐停顿下来。
If we don't do something soon, the whole theatre industry could grind to a halt.
如果我们不尽快采取措施，整个戏剧行业将会出现萧条。
Harris
哈里斯
Alfred North Whitehead
阿尔弗雷德•诺斯•怀特黑德
