New Words explanation in detailes
formal
a. 1. following accepted rules of behavior
正式的；合乎礼仪的
She has a very formal manner.
她举止文雅。
The letter was in very formal language.
这封信使用了非常正式的语言。
2. in appearance; by name only
形式上的，名义上的
The visitors took only a formal interest in the classroom activities.
参观者只是表面上对课堂活动表示兴趣。
I am the formal leader of this project but the everyday management is in the hands of my assistant.
我是该项目名义上的领导，而日常的管理工作都是由我的助手在做。
informal
a. not formal
不正式的，不拘形式的，随便的
It is only an informal gathering.
这只是个非正式的集会。
"Hi" is an informal way of greeting people.
"喂"是跟人打招呼的一种较为随便的方式。
poll
n. 1. [C] a survey of public opinion
民意测验，民意调查
We're conducting a poll among the children who have dropped out of school.
我们正在退了学的学生中进行民意测验。
A recent poll shows that 70% of British children are regular TV viewers by the age of three.
最近的一项民意测验表明，70%的英国儿童三岁时已是经常性的电视观众了。
2. (also pl.) the giving of written choices at an election
选举投票
The country is going to the polls tomorrow.
明天全国举行投票选举。
The TV stations agreed not to announce the result of the poll until the next day.
电视台同意到第二天再宣布选举结果。
resident
a. 1. having a home in a place
居住的，居留的
The town's resident population is over 10,000.
该城镇的居住人口超过一万人。
2. attached to and working regularly for a particular organization
住校的，住院的，住在任所的
The film company needed a resident artist.
电影公司需要一个能住在任所的艺术家。
n. [C] a person who lives or has his/her home in a place
居民，定居者
The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
当地居民对停车场地不足感到恼火。
He's a resident of the United States.
他是一名美国居民。
compute
v. count (sth.); work (sth.) out
估算，算出，计算
He computed his losses at $5，000.
他估计他的损失为5，000美元。
consumeristic
adj. believing in spending money and buying goods
消费主义的
Generally speaking, youngsters tend to be more consumeristic than the elderly.
一般说来，年青人比老年人更倾向于多消费。
accordingly
ad. 1. for the reason; so
因此，所以
She was angry and accordingly refused to attend the meeting.
她很生气，因此拒绝参加会议。
I was lost and accordingly I bought a map.
我迷路了，所以我买了张地图。
2. in a manner that is suggested by what is known or has been said
按照所说的情况
I've told you what the situation is; you must act accordingly.
我已经向你说明了情况，你必须照此办理。
She's an expert in her field, and is paid accordingly.
她在自己的领域内是个专家，并得到了相应的报酬。
humanity
n. 1. (pl.) subjects concerned with human culture
人文学科（尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学）
Susan has always been more interested in the humanities than the sciences.
苏珊对人文科学一向比对自然科学更感兴趣。
2. [U] human beings as a whole; people
人的总称，人类
Hitler was guilty of great crimes against humanity.
希特勒对人类犯下了滔天罪行。
All humanity will suffer if the nations do not unite.
如果世界各国不联合起来，全人类就会遭殃。
3. [U] kind-heartedness
仁慈，仁爱，善心
For more than five years, they were denied humanity.
在五年多的时间里，他们受到了非人的待遇。
We must treat prisoners with humanity.
我们必须人道地对待俘虏。
ethnic
a. of a national or racial group that has a common cultural tradition
（有共同文化传统的）民族的，种族的；部落的
ethnic art
民族艺术
The exhibition celebrated ethnic differences.
展览会公开赞美了种族差异。
enroll
v. become or make (sb.) a member (of sth.)
（使）成为……的成员，注册
We enrolled him as member of the society.
我们接纳他为协会会员。
Is it too late to enroll at the college?
现在去大学注册太晚了吗？
enrollment
n. 1. [C] the number of people enrolled
注册或登记的人数
The school has an enrollment of 800 pupils.
这所学校在册的学生为800人。
Student enrollments at the university have increased steadily in recent years.
近几年这所大学的学生入学人数稳步增长。
2. [U] enrolling or being enrolled
登记，注册，入会
the enrollment of five new members
五个新会员的登记
The deadline for enrollment is three days before the class.
注册最后期限是上课前三天。
salary
n. [C] a fixed amount of money given every week, month, or year as pay for an employee
薪金，薪水
The boss raised everyone's salary by $4,000 last year.
老板去年给每个人增加4,000美元薪水。
He took a drop in salary in order to help the firm.
为了帮助公司，他降低了薪水。
kindergarten
n. [C, U] a school for very young children
幼儿园
There are two or three kindergartens in the area to choose from.
本地区有两三个幼儿园可供选择。
In some country schools there is still only one teacher to handle kindergarten through sixth grade.
在一些乡村学校从幼儿园到六年级仍然只有一名教师负责。
elementary
a. 1. of or in the beginning stage; related to primary schools
初级的；小学的
an elementary class
初级班
an elementary school
小学
2. simple or easy; basic
简单的，基本的，基础的
Many adults seem to know little about the most elementary science.
许多成年人似乎连最基本的科学常识都知之甚少。
The group had made some elementary mistakes.
小组犯了一些基本的错误。
secondary
a. 1.(of education or a school) for children over 11 years old
(教育、学校)中等的
secondary education
中等教育
The suggested changes include making it necessary for everyone to attend secondary school up to age 18.
所提出的改革包括确保每个18岁以下的人都能接受中等教育。
2.less important than related things
次要的
Her health is what matters - the cost is of secondary importance.
她的健康是最重要的，费用是次要的。
Our priority is to have an efficient transport system, and clean air is a secondary factor.
当务之急是要建立起有效的运输系统，清新的空气是次要的考虑因素。
specialize (英specialise)
vi. (in) give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.)
专攻，专门研究（某课题、产品等）
This shop specializes in chocolate.
这家商店专门经销巧克力。
We went to a restaurant that specializes Italian food.
我们去了一家专门做意大利菜的餐馆。
specialization (英specialisation)
n. [U, C] specializing
专业化，专门化
In the course I'm taking, there's no opportunity for specialization until the final year.
我正在学的课程要到最后一学年才进入专业课学习。
The lawyer said that he was unable to help us because our case fell outside his specialization.
律师说他没法帮助我们，因为我们的案子超出了他的专业范围。
corporation
n. [C] a business company
公司
the British Broadcasting Corporation
英国广播公司
She didn't want to work for a big corporation.
她不想去大公司工作。
agency
n. 1. [C] a government organization
政府机构
the Central Intelligence Agency
中央情报局
an assistance agency
援助机构
2. [C] a business or place of business providing a service
经销处，代理处
He works for an advertising agency.
他供职于一家广告代理公司。
Our company has agencies all over the world.
我们公司在全世界均有代理处。
confine
n. (pl.) limits, borders
界限，范围
This is beyond the confines of human knowledge.
这超出了人类知识的范围。
The narrow confines of life in a religious job proved too difficult for him.
教会工作狭小的生活空间对他来说显然难以忍受。
vt. keep sb./sth. within certain limits
把……限制于
I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject.
但愿演讲人不要离题。
I don't like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing.
我不喜欢仅限于做一件事情的工作。
occupation
n. 1. [C] a job; employment
工作，职业
In the space marked "occupation" she wrote "police officer".
她在 "职业"一栏里写上了 "警官"两字。
Please state your name, age and occupation.
请说出你的姓名、年龄和职业。
2. [C] way of spending time; an activity done in one's spare time
业余活动，消遣
His favorite occupation is reading.
他最喜爱的消遣是读书。
It seems to me his favorite occupation is eating.
在我看来，他最喜爱的消遣就是吃。
render
vt. 1. give
给予，提出
This is a reward for services rendered.
这是酬谢所提供服务的奖金。
Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to render thanks to God.
感恩节是答谢上帝的节日。
2. cause sb./sth. to be in a particular state
使得，使成为
His rudeness rendered me speechless.
他的粗鲁使我讲不出话来。
We were rendered helpless by the accident.
我们被这意外事故弄得束手无策。
institution
n. 1. [C] (building of an) organization, (sometimes) an organization for helping people with special needs
机构; 慈善机构，社会福利机构（如孤儿院、养老院）
Now he is living in an institution.
现在他住在一家福利院里。
He has a horror of ending his life in an institution.
他很害怕在福利院里结束他的生命。
2. [C] a custom, system or organization that has existed for a long time and is accepted as an important part of a particular society
制度，习俗
The institution of marriage is still popular despite the high divorce rate.
虽然离婚率很高，婚姻制度仍然为人们所接受。
Eastern European countries are eager to copy the financial institutions of the West.
东欧国家很想照搬西方的财政制度。
revelation
n. 1. [U] making known sth. that was secret or hidden
泄露，揭示，展示
The revelation of his identity made him feel very embarrassed.
暴露了身份使他感到十分尴尬。
His wife divorced him after the revelation that he was having an affair.
他与别人私通的事情被揭露后，他的妻子与他离了婚。
2.[C] sth. which is revealed
所揭露的事，惊人的新发现
His Hamlet was a revelation to the critics.
他所表演的哈姆雷特令评论家们大为惊讶。
Shocking revelations appeared in the papers about the private life of the Smiths.
报纸所披露的史密斯夫妇私生活情况令人震惊。
preferable
a. preferred; more suitable
更可取的，更合意的，更好的
He finds country life preferable to living in the city.
他觉得住在乡下比城里好。
preferably
ad. rather than anything, anywhere, etc. else
更可取地，宁可
They want to buy a new house, near the sea preferably.
他们想要买一所新房子，最好是离海近些的。
Put the potatoes into boiling water, preferably after taking the skin off.
把土豆放入沸水中煮，最好先把皮剥掉。
civilization (英civilisation)
n. [U, C] a human society with its highly developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time
文明，文化
Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of civilization.
有人认为核战争意味着文明的终结。
Babylon was one of the world's most famous civilizations.
巴比伦是世界上最著名的文明之一。
incredible
a. impossible or very difficult to believe
难以置信的
What an incredible statement - not a word of it is true!
多么令人难以置信的言论 -- 没有一句话是靠得住的！
She's only 12 years old? I find that completely incredible.
她只有12岁吗？我觉得那是完全不可信的。
contribution
n. [C,U] action of giving (money, support, help or ideas) towards a particular aim or purpose; sth. given towards a particular aim or purpose
捐助(物)，贡献(物)，奉献
His last novel is his greatest contribution to the literature of Spain.
他最后的一部小说是他对西班牙文学的最大贡献。
All contributions, no matter how small, will be much appreciated.
所有捐献，无论多少，我们都表示深深的感谢。
She didn't make much of a contribution at the meeting this morning.
今天早上的会上她没怎么发言。
artistic
a. 1. of art or artists
艺术的，美术的；艺术家的
Artistic independence was increased when the city started to have art exhibitions every year.
当这个城市开始举办每年一度的艺术展览时，艺术家们就享有了更多的艺术独立性。
Do you think films are entertaining or artistic?
你认为电影是娱乐性的还是艺术性的？
2. skillful and attractive
富有艺术性的，精美的，精彩的
That's a very artistic flower arrangement you have there.
你那些花儿装点得很有艺术性。
The decoration is so artistic.
这个装修真是优雅极了。
wisdom
n. 1. [U] experience and knowledge; quality of being wise
经验与知识，智慧，睿智
She had gained much wisdom during her long life.
她在漫长的生活中获得了许多智慧。
Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom.
在我上大学之前，我的父亲给我讲了一些至理名言。
2. [U] good judgment
正确判断，贤明
Events were to prove the wisdom of their decision.
之后发生的事情将证明他们决策的明智。
I tend to doubt the wisdom of separating a child from its family, whatever the conditions.
无论什么情况，我总怀疑让孩子离开家庭是否明智。
weekly
ad. once a week or every week
一周一次地，每周地
The machine must be checked weekly.
这台机器必须每周检查一次。
Until he was eighty he went swimming weekly.
他每周去游一次泳，一直坚持到80岁。
a. happening once a week or every week
一周一次的，每周的
a weekly report
每周一次的报告
We should work out what our weekly costs are.
我们应该算出我们每周的花费。
n. [C] a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week
周报，周刊
union
n. 1.[C] a club formed by uniting people or groups; an organization of employees
协会,俱乐部；工会
Labor Union (美) 工会
Trade Union (英) 工会
the teachers' union
教师工会
I am one of the members of the Students' Union.
我是学生会成员。
2. [C] (the act or instance of) uniting or being united
联合，合并
Please support the union between our two parties.
请支持我们两党的联合。
At the same time the argument on European political union continues.
与此同时，有关欧洲政治同盟的辩论仍在继续。
accumulate
v. collect a large number of things over a long time; gradually increase in number or amount
累积，积累
We've accumulated so much rubbish over the years.
这些年我们已经积起了这么多垃圾。
If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on accumulating.
如果你不去定期整理你桌上的文件的话，它们就会越堆越多。
cartoon
n. 1.[C] an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine
漫画，幽默画
The newspaper cartoon described the President as a fox.
报纸漫画把总统画成了一只狐狸。
2. [C] a film made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings
动画片
a Walt Disney cartoon
一部沃尔特•迪斯尼的动画片
Cartoons are my favorite type of TV program.
卡通是我最喜欢的电视节目。
depict
vt. show (sb./sth.) as a picture; describe (sth.) in words
描绘，描述
The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa.
这幅画描绘的是她坐在沙发上的姿态。
Her novel depicts the lives of ordinary people in the last century.
她的小说描写了上个世纪普通人的生活情况。
puzzle
v. 1. (make one) feel confused or slightly worried because one cannot understand sth.
（使）困惑，（使）为难
It puzzled me why she said that.
我弄不懂她为什么那么说。
We're still puzzling about how the accident could have happened.
我们仍然对事故的发生原因感到困惑。
2. (make one) think hard about sth. in order to understand it
（使）苦思
Scientists are puzzling over the results of the research on the drug.
科学家们在苦苦思索药物研究的结果。
I can't puzzle out how I managed to spend so much money last month.
我弄不清上个月怎么花了那么多钱。
n. 1. [C] a game or toy in which parts must be fitted together correctly, intended to amuse or exercise the mind
智力测验，智力玩具，谜
a crossword puzzle
纵横填字游戏
a puzzle book
谜语书
2. [C] a question that is difficult to understand or answer
难题，难解之事
Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
他们干那件事的动机仍令我费解。
Their son is a puzzle to them.
他们的儿子令他们很不理解。
conference
n. [C, U] (meeting for) discussion or exchange of views
会议，讨论（会）
Many international conferences are held in Geneva.
许多国际会议都在日内瓦召开。
Carol isn't available at present. She's in conference.
卡罗尔现在不在这儿。她正在出席会议。
intercom
n. [C] a system by which one can talk through a machine to sb. in a near place
内部通话系统
They live in a flat, and visitors have to ask through an intercom to be let in.
他们住在公寓里，来客必须通过内部通话设备联系后方能进入。
distinguish
vt. 1. recognize the difference between (people or things)
辨别，识别
The twins look so much like each other that no one can distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得非常像，无人能分辨出谁是谁。
I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish and Portuguese.
有时候我难以辨别西班牙语和葡萄牙语。
2. (oneself) behave or perform noticeably well
表现突出
She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.
她以沉着勇敢著称。
He distinguished himself in British theatre at a very early age.
他很小就在英国戏剧界崭露头角了。
classical
a. (of music) serious and traditional in style
古典的
Do you prefer classical music or popular music?
你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐？
FM (abbreviation for frequency modulation)
n. [U] a radio system of broadcasting
调频
an FM radio
调频收音机
Can you get the station on FM as well as on medium wave?
除中波外，你还可以收听调频台吗？
if only
(used to express a strong wish)
（用来表示强烈的愿望）但愿，真希望
If only I had gone by taxi.
要是我乘出租车去就好了。
If only he'd remembered to bring her here.
要是他没有忘记把她带来就好了。
according to
as stated by (sb.) or in (sth.)
根据
You've been in prison six times according to our records.
根据我们的档案记载，你曾坐过六次牢。
According to Sarah they're not getting on very well at the moment.
据萨拉讲，他们目前的进展不是很好。
be well off
be in a good position, esp. financially
经济充裕，富裕
You don't need to look for another job -- you're well off where you are.
你没有必要再去找工作 -- 你现在的经济情况就相当不错了。
This is the best way of getting help to those families who are less well off.
对于那些不太富裕的家庭来说，这是取得帮助的最佳途径。
at a low
at a low level or figure
处于低水平（或数字）
The pound has been at a new low.
英镑的价位已降到新的最低点。
Things have been at a bit of a low.
最近的情况一直不太好。
be fond of
have a great liking for sb./(doing) sth.
很喜欢，很喜爱
John's fond of pointing out other people's mistakes.
约翰喜欢挑别人的错。
She was very fond of horses.
她很喜欢马。
be proud of
take pride in
为……感到自豪
They were proud of their success.
他们对自己的成功感到自豪。
She says she is an ordinary woman and proud of it.
她说她是个普通的女人，并为此感到自豪。
arrive at
reach (sth. such as a place or conclusion)
达成，得出
We finally arrived at an agreement two days ago.
我们终于在两天前达成了协议。
We argued about it for hours before we arrived at a decision.
我们为这事争论了好几个小时才作出一项决定。
be meant to do
be supposed to do
应做
You are meant to pay before you come in.
你得交费后方能进入。
You're meant to fill in a tax form every year.
你得每年填写税单。
read of
find out about (sb./sth.) by reading
借助阅读发现(或查明)
I read of her in today's paper.
我从今天的报纸上读到了她的情况。
It was sad to read of the death of the famous actress in this morning's newspaper.
在今天早上的报纸上读到了那位著名的女演员的死讯，真是令人悲痛。
go on strike
be engaged in / start a strike
举行罢工
The ship-builders went on strike for higher pay.
造船工人因要求增加工资而举行了罢工。
in the long run
after a long period; in the end
从长远的观点来看；终究，最后
In the long run the prices are bound to rise.
价格终究是要上涨的。
My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn't give up the piano.
我母亲总是对我说，将来我定会为自己没有放弃弹钢琴而高兴的。
Macon
梅肯 (美国乔治亚州中部城市)
Robins Resident Center
罗宾斯住宿中心
Baxter
巴克斯特
Oscar Wilde
奥斯卡•王尔德（爱尔兰作家、诗人，19世纪末英国唯美主义的主要代表）
