第五节 指示代词
一、指示代词this，that，these和those用来代替上文已提到或指示眼前的人或物，在句中可充当主语、宾语和定语。做定语的指示代词要与所修饰的词在数上一致
- Today's libraries differ greatly from _____ .
［A］ the past
［B］ those of the past
［C］ that are past
［D］ those past - The amount of money spent on cosmetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded _____ spent on public health.
［A］ one
［B］ those
［C］ it
［D］ that - The culture and customs of America are more like _____ of England than of any other country.
［A］ that
［B］ what
［C］ which
［D］ those
二、为了避免重复，that或those来代替前边的名词或代词，that表示事物，those表示人。一般来讲that表示单数或不可数，而those表示复数。但those可以和who连用，由who引导一个定语从句，这时those就不是代替前边的某词
- Numerous efforts have been made ［A］ to improve ［B］ the laws governing ［C］ air pollution， but none have been as successful as them ［D］ devised by the state of Oregon.
- An internationally famous ballerina ［A］ ， Maria Tallchief demonstrated ［B］ that the quality of ballet in the United States could equal those ［C］ of the ballet in Europe ［D］ .
- Since the job was going to be ［A］ difficult， he asked only ［B］ them ［C］ he trusted to assist him ［D］ .
- Forest animals ［A］ utilize the sense ［B］ of smell less ［C］ than them ［D］ in the countryside.
三、such修饰可数名词须与a连用，也可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词
- Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if _____ proposal were accepted.
［A］ so many
［B］ a so many
［C］ a such
［D］ such a - Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing _____ dishonesty?
［A］ so
［B］ those
［C］ such
［D］ such a
四、例题解析
- B为正确答案。此题中的differ from意为"不同于"，相比较的对象为"现代的图书馆"与"以往的图书馆"，故应选B ，用those代替前面提到的libraries(复数)。
- D为正确答案。"has exceeded""超过，超越"，空档后"spent on public health"作定语，而空档处是代词代替"The amount of monay"，这是不可数名词，所以"［A］ one"和"［B］ those"均不符合条件。"［C］ it"也不对，it代词代"the amount of money spent on cosmetics,"那么空档后的"spent on public health"显然与"spent on cosmetics"相矛盾。所以C也不对。
- D为正确答案。"what"和"which"为连接和关系代词，"that"指代单数，而空档处是代前边的"The clture and customs of America"，所以应当用复数代词those。
- D错。 改为those。这里"those"与"none"同指，都代"the laws"。
- C错。 改为that，代"the quality。"
- C错。改为those。C处作"asked"的宾语，又作"he trusted to assist him"的先行词。
- D 错。 改为those。
- D为正确答案。
- C为正确答案。