第三节 冠词
冠词有两种,一是不定冠词a/an,另外一种是定冠词the(有的语法学家说有三种冠词,这另外一种是零念冠词,这里我们不讨论)。
一、不定冠词及其用法
(一)可数名词在表泛指时,要加不定冠词"a/an"表示"一个","每一"相当于one或表示某一
- Hurricanes(飓风) are tropical storms [A] in which winds attain speeds above [B] seventyfive miles the hour [C] and carry heavy rains [D] with them.
- Laser beams can carry [A] longdistance signals in way [B] somewhat [C] similar to [D] radio waves.
(二)a用在辅音音素(即音标中的辅音而不是辅音字母)之前,如a European scientist。an用在元音音素(音标中的元音而不是指元音字母)之前,如an Xray examination
- The [A] United States Supreme Court raised [B] new questions with an favorable [C] ruling on [D] a tuition tax deduction measure.
- George Washington, the son of an [A] wealthy planter, became [B] an [C] important American military [D] leader.
- When Keith visited Alaska, he lived [A] in a [B] igloo(爱斯基摩人的圆顶茅屋) in the winter months [C] as well as [D] in the spring.
(三)跟汉语一样,并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念,第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去,以避免重复
- "What is she?" "She is _____ . "
[A] a singer and a dancer
[B] a singer and dancer
[C] the singer and the dancer
[D] singer and dancer
二、定冠词的用法
(一)一般来说,普通名词有特指和泛指,如果特指,就要加定冠词;如果泛指,可数名词前加不定冠词,或用其复数形式
- Eagles(鹰) have such the [A] long, broad wings [B] and tails that they look clumsy(姿势不雅观的) [C] while they are on the [D] ground.
(二)定冠词the主要和名词连用,表示某些特定的人或事物
- In the early years of the Republic, George Washington proposed [A] the establish [B] of a [C] university in the nation's [D] capital.
- Jane Addams was a dedicated [A] American social worker of early twentieth century [B] who [C] received the [D] Nobel Peace Prize.
(三)由of引起的限定性短语(作定语)所修饰的词前加the
- Quantum(量子) physics [A] lies [B] at a [C] heart of the [D] physical sciences.
- A size [A] of the United States Supreme Court was the [B] focal point of one [C] of the most famous attacks on [D] the federal judiciary.
- The boy ran between clump(树丛) of trees [A] and climbed [B] a tree to get a closer [C] look at [D] the place.
(四)表示身体的某一部位,用the代替物主代词my, our, your, his, her等
- He took the old woman by _____ hand.
[A] the
[B] a
[C] her
[D] his
(五)表示江河海洋,海峡海湾,山脉和群岛及有些湖泊之前用the
- Great Lakes [A] , between the United States and Canada, contain [B] enough water to cover [C] the whole continental United States to a depth [D] of ten feet.
(六)定冠词the加姓氏的复数,表示某某一家人,如果做主语,谓语动词要用复数
- _____ are so excited, for they bought a lot of furniture the other day.
[A] Browns
[B] The Browns
[C] The Brown
[D] A Brown
(七)当一个抽象名词,不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the
- Since beginning [A] of photography, inventors have tried [B] to make [C] photographs that duplicate natural [D] colors.
(八)由 普通名词 和一些 其他词 构成的专有名词前加the
the People's Republic of China
三、例题解析
- C错。改为"an hour"。这里的不定冠词表示"每一",相当于介词"per",而"the hour"表特定的时刻,在此处讲不通。
- B错。 改为in a way。
- C错。 改为a favorable。
- A错。 改为a。
- B错。 改为an。
- B为正确答案。
- A错。 改为such。
- B错。改为"establishment"。冠词后必须使用名词(或形容词+名词),而此题中的"establish(建立)"为动词,故改为名词"estabishment"。
- B错。改为of the early twentieth century。
- C错。 改为the。
- A错。 改为the size。
- A错。 改为the clump of trees。
- A为正确答案。
- A错。 改为The Great Lakes。
- B为正确答案。
- A错。 改为Since the beginning。
