二、提 纲 作 文
提纲作文也是一种控制性的作文类型, 它要求考生根据所提供的题目和提纲要点, 紧扣短文的中心思想进行写作, 提纲可以是以汉语也可以是以英语的形式出现。近几年的作文试题都是采用命题的方法，要求考生写议论文，为了保证判卷的客观性，除了短文的标题之外，还给出了统一的写作提纲以及第一段的段首句，这实际上不仅规定了作文的主题，也规定了文章的大体内容和基本结构，下面我们以96年试题为例加以说明:
Title: Good Health
Beginning Sentence: The desire for good health is universal.
Outline: 1. Importance of good health.
2. Ways of keep it.
3. My own practices.
上题所给的提纲不是完整的句子, 但限定了文章的中心思想和主要内容, 实际上如果我们能按照所提供的内容给每段设计出一个主题句, 那么, 这种作文形式和上面所说的主题句作文就没有什么不同了。该文章可以写成:
Good Health
The desire for good health is universal. Wherever you are and whatever you do, staying healthy is always important. With the improvement of living standards, people are attaching more and more importance to their health. We students can't keep the high study efficiency without good health. The same thing is true with workers, scientists and doctors.
There are many ways to keep fit. First those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax. Because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercise benefits one's health a lot. So we should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time.
As for me, I like playing tennis in the morning. I also take care to have enough sleep and relaxation. I believe this will ensure my good health for the rest of my life.
由于提纲作文只是为考生提供了一条思路, 所以考生可以在提纲限定的范围内自由地选取素材, 在具体的写作过程中发挥一定的独创性进行阐述。在提纲作文的过程中, 应该从以下几个方面着手:
- 仔细审题。在此所说的审题主要是指对题目和提纲的理解, 尽管提纲往往不是以完整句子形式出现, 但是它包含了文章和各个段落的中心内容, 因此对题目和提纲进行仔细的研究, 透彻的理解是写好作文的关键, 只有首先理解题目和提纲的内容, 才不至于在写作过程中偏离文章的中心思想。
- 写好主题句。提纲作文的提纲一般是以短语的形式出现, 因此, 在写每一段之前首先要根据提纲所提供的信息设计好该段的主题句。这是写好作文的最为关键的一步。关于主题句的写法请参考上文。
下面我们再举一例:
Title: How to Spend Leisure Time
Outline: 1. Harmful ways of spending leisure time
2. Beneficial ways of spending leisure time
3. My conclusion
范文:
How to Spend Leisure Time
Leisure life has become a very important part for many people today. Now we have more time for leisure. The improvement in our standard of living has also brought great changes in the way we spend our leisure time. Unfortunately, a lot of people spend their leisure time harmfully. Some watch too much TV and get used to passive amusements. Some play cards or ma jang? deep into the night and spend the rest of the holiday sleeping. These and other unwise pastimes result in their fatigue, boredom, emptiness and sickness.
In fact, there are lots of better things to do in our leisure time. Going to concerts or theatre are pleasant experience. Visiting parks or art exhibitions brings us great joy. And there are more entertainment in interesting books or pleasant music than in everyday TV programs.
In brief, unpleasant leisure pursuits lead to unhappiness, while pleasant ones enable us to enjoy ourselves and have a wonderful mind.
