第四章 完形填空测试样题及解题思路
Sample 1.
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the 1 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The 2 student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of 3 , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is 4 for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 5 guidance. It is the student's reponsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 6 a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference 7 in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 8 that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. 9 , the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 10 a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
1. [A] suggestion[B] context [C] abstract [D] information 2. [A] poor [B] ideal [C] any [D] disappointed 3. [A] fun [B] work [C] learning [D] prize 4. [A] criticized[B] innocent [C] responsible[D] dismissed 5. [A] maximum [B] minimum [C] assistant's[D] practical 6. [A] when [B] what [C] why [D] how 7. [A] selections[B] collections[C] sources [D] origins 8. [A] hate [B] dislike [C] like [D] prefer 9. [A] However [B] Therefore [C] Furthermore[D] Nevertheless 10. [A] greet [B] annoy [C] approach [D] attach
解题思路
- 答案为D项。四个选择项都可做名词,从语法结构上分析,每个答案都可填入空缺处,但从句子的语义来看,阅读的目的是希望从中获取某些信息,因此选择information,它是"资料;情报;信息"; context表示"(文章的)上下文",如: We should guess the meaning of a word from the context.(我们该从上下文中猜词义); abstract指"摘要"。联系上下文,不难看出,都是在布置了阅读作业之后,是希望学生熟悉阅读文章里的一些内容,其他三个选择的词义与整句句意不符。
- 答案为B项。尽管四个选择项都能修饰名词(它们是形容词),但根据语法规则,名词student前面不能同时有 the与 any两个限定词来修饰,因此首先排除C项。A项与D项,虽然从语法结构上讲得通,然而把它们与整个句子的意思联系起来就让人感到费解。因此,从语意上看,只有 ideal符合上下文语义,即:"理想的学生不是只对获高分感兴趣,而且具有为获取知识而学习的动力"。
- 答案为C项。这一题的空缺与上一题的空缺同在一个句子中,所以做题要做到前后呼应。通过上下文,我们得知,教师认为理想的学生不应该只对获取高分感兴趣,还应该有一种学习的动力,这种动力就在四个选择中。for the sake of ...表示"为了...目的",如:He cited the example for the sake of comparison.(他为了对比举了那个例子)。联系上下文得知,既然老师不赞成学生只对获高分感兴趣,也不会赞成学生为了"获奖"或"娱乐"而学习。虽然我们可以说"为了工作而学习",但全文没有提高学生的学习与以后工作方面有联系,而主要讲的是作为学生,学习期间教师希望他们怎样学习以及在学习方面教 师与学生的责任等。因此,for the sake of learning在意义上最贴切,即:一个理想的学生应该具有为获取知识而学习的动力。
- 答案为C项。该题仍可以从语义上获取正确答案。首先从搭配结构上分析可以排除B项,innocent后面只能跟介词" of",如: He is innocent of a crime.(他无罪)。如果把 for 看做是表示原因,那么dismissed与 criticized的句意又完全解释不通,无论如何也不会是"老师把学生开除了或是批评他们,是因为学生学习老师布置的作业",这显然既不符合上下文、又不符常识 。只有选项C,语法上与be responsible for...这一结构相符,语义、结构上也都讲得通,不失为最佳答案。
- 答案为B项。通过下文"It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines.... Professors do not have the time to explain..."以及"...students should not be too dependent on professors",我们可以做出判断,教授不喜欢学生太依赖老师,学生们应该有自己的独立性、主动性,因此, minimum放在空缺处最能表达此意。 maximum是"最大限度、范围的",正好与B项意义相反;C项的assistant's虽说语意上行得通,而结构上却应该排除,因为assistant是可数名词,当它以单数形式第一次出现时,前面应有不定冠词"an";D项与A项相同,表达的均是"教授期望学生在指导下完成研究任务",事实上,下文的内容证明了这是错误的判断,与下文内容恰好相反。
- 答案为D项。从语法结构来分析,B项可以排除,因为explain引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词works是不及物动词,不可能由what来引导的宾语从句。其他三项均是副词,语法上都讲得通,但在语义及常识观念上经不住推敲。首先,做为大学生,他们不可能不知道图书馆的作息时间,更不可能愚笨到不知道图书馆为何存在;再者,根据常识来判断,这些都不是教授份内应尽的责任。只有D项的how用在该处最为贴切,说明教授没有时间指导学生该如何地查阅文献。
- 答案为C项。该题属于词汇辨异。首先可以排除D项,因为origins是"起源、起因"之意,用在该处不符合句意。selections为"精选物",collections是"收集物",exhaust在此句的意思是"详尽无遗地论述",当动词用,根据句意,"教授期望学生、尤其是研究生能够详尽地阐明图书馆里参考资料的出处",虽然selections与collections也可能和reference搭配,但意义却不太确切。sources是"原始资源、出处"的含义,与reference一起表示参考资料的出处。
- 答案为D项。首先从语法结构上可以排除A、B、C三项。因为like和 hate后面只能接不定式或动名词,不能接that引导的从句,dislike后面只能接动名词,且句中的that从句里又出现了虚拟语气,因此只有prefer一词适用于这一结构。再者,从语意上分析,上文已交待"...professor expects the students to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance",从这一句意也能看出教授的态度,他们不希望学生过多地依赖教师。此外,从上下文的逻辑关系上也可以解出此题,空缺的前一句是"professor will help students who need it"(教授会帮助那些需要帮助的学生),但是接下来是一个转折词"but",说明教授对学生依赖性的另一种态度了,希望学生独立性方面强一些,因而这种逻辑关系提醒我们不能选择前三项,否则意义关系就分不清了。
- 答案为B项。根据上下句之间的逻辑关系就能解出此题。前一句提到"在美国,教授除了教学外,还有许多其他的职责,如行政或研究工作",因此,就出现了"the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited";换言之,教授课外与学生在一起的时间非常有限的原因即是上文提到的情况,上下文的内容是一种因果的逻辑关系。A项与D项表达一种转折关系;C项表示补充关系;只有B项therefore可以表达因果逻辑关系。
- 答案为C项。本题考查考生对词义及句中语义的理解。从语法结构看,四个选项均为动词,但它们的词义截然不同,因此必须联系原文。试设想,如果学生在课上有问题问,他们决不会使教授烦恼、生气或者拘押,可以排除annoy和 attach。 greet也仅仅表示见面"打招呼",如果学生课上遇到问题,仅仅与教授打招呼还不够,而应该去找教授或预约一个时间,因此应选 approach,做动词用时,它可以指"走近,与...打交道"。
