3.3 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

第三节 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

一、在wish的宾语从句中

(一)动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反

She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) / I wish I didn't say that. (要是我不说这件事就好了。) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么忧郁就好了，那也就不会发生那场事故了。)

1. I wish I knew ［A］ you were arriving ［B］ today. I would have met ［C］ you at ［D］ the station if I had.
2. She wishes that we didn't send ［A］ her the candy ［B］ yesterday because ［C］ she's on ［D］ a diet.
3. My brother is in ［A］ California on ［B］ vacation，but I wish he was ［C］ here so that he could help me repair my car ［D］ .

(二)当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用would＋动词原形

I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) / She wishes you wouldn't go. (她希望你不要走。)

(三)would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时

4. I'd rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.
   ［A］ do
   ［B］ didn't do
   ［C］ don't
   ［D］ didn't
5. I _____ rather you did it.
   ［A］ had
   ［B］ should
   ［C］ shall
   ［D］ have
6. I _____ much rather it was forgotten.
   ［A］ will
   ［B］ could
   ［C］ would
   ［D］ shall

二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的"that"从句应用虚拟语气，且均以"should"表示这种语气，但事实上"should"常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类
(一)下列动词后"that"引导的宾语从句

suggest(建议)， propose (提议)， recommend(建议)， move (提议)， advise(建议)， insist(坚持)， urge(极力主张)， ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算)， prefer(宁愿)， urge(敦促)。

7. The chairman requested that _____ .
   ［A］ the members studied more carefully the problem
   ［B］ the problem was more carefulnessly studied
   ［C］ with more carefulness the problem could be studied
   ［D］ the members study the problem more carefully
8. The committee recommends that the matter _____ at the next meeting.
   ［A］ would be discussed
   ［B］ will be discussed
   ［C］ be discussed
   ［D］ may be discussed
9. The doctor insisted that his patient _____ .
   ［A］ that he not work too hard for three months
   ［B］ take it easy for three months
   ［C］ taking it easy inside of three months
   ［D］ to take some vacations for three months

   When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job. " (当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说"剃刀和水就行了"。)
   He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)
   One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

(二)下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时，这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用"should ＋ 动词原形"或省略should，只用动词原形

it is necessary 【 essential (重要的)， vital(极重要的，不可缺少的)，important,imperative(必须的)，urgent(紧要的)，advisable(应该的)，proper(适当的)，obligatory (必须的)，desirable(今人满意的，值得的)，appropriate(合适的)，fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that...； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that ... .

10. From the standpoint of the longterm strategic interest of the West it is imperative that _____ .
    ［A］ their territorial unity being a safeguard
    ［B］ their unity is a territorial safeguard
    ［C］ they're a territorial safeguard
    ［D］ their territorial unity be a safeguard
11. The irritable ［A］ sergeant was ［B］ insistent that nothing supersedes ［C］ the drilling(训练) of the forty new men ［D］ .
12. It is extremely ［A］ necessary that you will realize ［B］ that reading is not only ［C］ a physical ［D］ and metal process.

(三)下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接"that"引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should。这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence，suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议), resolution(决定，决议)

13. The judge assented to the suggestion that _____ .
    ［A］ both of the criminals will soon be set freedom
    ［B］ some of the criminals there are of guilt only
    ［C］ the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society
    ［D］ the prisoner be sentenced to death

(四)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句，我们经常用"should＋动词原形(或完成形式)"，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

14. _____ that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army?
    ［A］ It is believed
    ［B］ Should they believe
    ［C］ They would believe
    ［D］ If they would believe
15. I think it advisable that he _____ for Tokyo soon.
    ［A］ will leave
    ［B］ may leave
    ［C］ leave
    ［D］ leaves

(五)另外，在"开放式条件句"(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装

If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)

16. _____ ,I will take her as my wife.
    ［A］ Were she rich or poor
    ［B］ Being rich or poor
    ［C］ Be she poor or rich
    ［D］ Whether is she poor or rich

    但如果把引导词去掉，我们就要用倒装句，如上述几句可变为
    Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
    Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

三、it is (high) time， ［该(必须)做......］等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气

It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)
It is high time that this wrong spending _____ .
［A］ checks
［B］ checked
［C］ was checked
［D］ is to check
答案： C。

此外，还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构，一般表示愿望，如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) / If only she had never been married. (要是她从没有结婚就好了。)

四、例题解析

1. A错。改为had known。第二句的条件从句(if I had)其实是省略句，完整的句子应为if I had known you were arriving today，所以A处为had known。
2. A错。改为hadn't sent。
3. C错。改为were。
4. B为正确答案。
5. A为正确答案。
6. C为正确答案。
7. D 为正确答案。
8. C为正确答案。
9. B为正确答案。
10. D为正确答案。
11. C错。改为(should) supersede。
12. B错。改为realize。
13. D为正确答案。
14. B 为正确答案。
15. C 为正确答案。
16. C为正确答案。