2.3 不同时态下的被动语态

第三节 不同时态下的被动语态

一、一般现在时的被动语态

1. When overall exports ［A］ exceed imports ［B］ ， a country said ［C］ to have a trade ［D］ surplus.
2. Are all telephone numbers _____ in the directory?
   ［A］ list
   ［B］ listed
   ［C］ listing
   ［D］ being listed

二、一般过去时的被动语态

3. The first zoological garden ［A］ in the United States ［B］ had estabilshed ［C］ in Ｐhiladelphia in 1874 ［D］ .
4. Ｐluto， the outermost planet of the solar system， _____ photographically in Ｍarch 1930.
   ［A］ discovered
   ［B］ was discovered
   ［C］ by discovery
   ［D］ when discovered

三、一般将来时的被动语态

5. My pictures _____ until next week.
   ［A］ won't develop
   ［B］ aren't developing
   ［C］ don't develop
   ［D］ won't be developed
6. Upon your graduation from school, how well will you _____ for the job that lies ahead?
   ［A］ prepare
   ［B］ prepared
   ［C］ be prepared
   ［D］ are prepared

四、现在完成时的被动语态

7. Farm animals ［A］ have been regardless ［B］ by nearly all societies as a valuable ［C］ economic resource ［D］ .
8. How many wounded ［A］ soldiers are left out ［B］ there who haven't operated ［C］ on ［D］ yet?

五、过去完成时的被动语态

9. Experiments in the photography of moving objects _____ in both the Ｕnited Ｓtates and Europe well before 1900.
   [A] have been conducting
   [B] were conducting
   [C] had been conducted
   [D] being conducted
10. Gregory told Mary that he _____ what he was doing during the vacation.
    ［A］ had just been asked
    ［B］ had just asked
    ［C］ was just asked
    ［D］ just asked

六、现在进行时的被动语态

11. The advantages of computerized typing ［A］ and editing ［B］ are now being extending ［C］ to all the written ［D］ languages of the world.
12. Conservative philosophers argue ［A］ that the very structure of society is threatening ［B］ by civil disobedience， while ［C］ humanists stress ［D］ the primacy of the individual conscience.

七、将来完成时的被动语态

13. Radio represtents a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum and more types of radiowaves _____ early by next century anywhere in the Galaxy.
    ［A］ discovers
    ［B］ will discover
    ［C］ will have discovered
    ［D］ will have been discovered

八、被动结构句子中，动作的执行者由介词by引导短语

14. A letter of credit is often used to ［A］ companies to finance ［B］ the movement ［C］ of goods ［D］ between countries.
15. All sewing was done with ［A］ hand until ［B］ the invention of ［C］ the sewing machine in ［D］ the nineteenth century.
16. The ceremony ［A］ of marriage in the ［B］ Ｕnited Ｓtates can be ［C］ performed from ［D］ a justice of the peace.

九、例题解析

1. C错。被动语态的构成为"be＋ED分词"，故C应改为"(a) country is said"，由于是一般现在时，故be相应地变为is。
2. B为正确答案。空档处缺的是ED分词。
3. C错。 应改为was established。 这时表示过去(in 1874)的被动语态。
4. B为正确答案。(理由同上)
5. D为正确答案。
6. C为正确答案。当"prepare"做"使有准备，为...做准备"讲时，一般用被动语态，如：Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural disaster, and do everthing for the people. 备战备荒为人民。 be well prepared for sth. 对做某事有充分准备。 prepare sb. to hear the news 使某人对这消息有思想准备。
7. B错。改为regarded。be regarded as "被当做"，用被动语态，再者，B后有被动语态引导使动者的介词by。
8. C错。改为have not been operated。这里who引导的是定语从句修饰"soldiers"，同时它也是soldiers的先行词。伤兵是被做手术，所以用被动语态。
9. C对。"实验"(experiments)只能被人做，故只能用被动语态，符合此条件的只有C，而D 构成上有误。本句的时间状语为"before 1900"，因此从时态上说选C，应当用过去完成时。
10. A为正确答案。因为主句谓语动词用了过去式，宾语从句中应该用过去完成时，同时又是被动语态，所以选A。
11. C错。改为ED分词"extended"，本句为现在进行时的被动语态，故其构成为"am／is／are being＋ED分词"。
12. B错。本句应用被动语态，因为"社会结构(structure of society)"本身不可能发出"威胁"这个动作， 它只能受到外界的威胁，注意后面"by短语"的提示，故B应改为"is being threatened"(现在进行时被动态) ，也可改为"is threatened"(一般现在时被动态) 。
13. D为正确答案。这里指的是"无线电波"能体现出大部分电磁信号频谱，到下世纪初，更多的......。到那一时刻业已能做的事，要用将来完成时，又是被动语态，所以选D。
14. A错。改为"used by "，因为"companies(公司) "是使用"letter of credit(信用证) "的行为者，故应用表行为者的介词"by"。
15. A错。 改为by。
16. D错。 改为performed by。