第二节 状 语 从 句
一、时间状语从句:主要由when,whenever,after,before,as,(ever)since,once,as soon as,(not)until,while等连词引导
- _____ ,Alexander Graham Bell was still a young man.
[A] He invented the telephone
[B] The telephone was invented
[C] His invention of the telephone
[D] When he invented the telephone - The small greenish flowers of the American elm tree appear in the spring, _____ .
[A] is grown long before the leaves
[B] long before the leaves grow
[C] the leaves before growing long
[D] the growth of leaves before long is - _____ ,heat is produced.
[A]The mixing together of certain chemicals
[B]Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together
[C]Certain chemicals mixed together
[D] That certain chemicals are mixed together
二、结果状语从句:考试中主要集中在"so...that"(这样......以致) 引导的状语从句,除此之外,还有"such...that"等其他连接词可以引导
- Lucretia Mott's influence was too significant [A] that she has been credited [B] by some authorities [C] as the originator [D] of feminism is the United States.
- Dorothy Parker's satirical [A] verse was quite [B] popular that her books of poetry [C] appeared [D] on bestseller lists.
三、让步状语从句: 让步状语从句通常由(even)though,although,no matter,even if ,however,whatever等词引导
- Hippopotamuses, _____ a great deal of time submerged in lakes or rivers,do not feed in the water.
[A] spend
[B] they spend
[C] although they spend
[D] which they spend - _____ do not have webbed feet, gallinules are excellent swimmers.
[A] They
[B] Even though they
[C] That they
[D] It is when they
四、原因状语从句: 原因状语从句可由as,because,since及for引导,而托福考题集中在由"because"引导的从句
- Neon is said to be inert _____ does not react easily with other substances.
[A] becaues of it
[B] because it
[C] it is because
[D] is because it - Helium is safer than hydrogen _____ it can not explode.
[A] while
[B] though
[C] because
[D] if
五、条件状语从句: 表条件的状语从句主要由if,whether,as long as (只要),provided(只要) (that)等词引导,例如
- Uniform acceleration occurs _____ the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time.
[A] according
[B] if
[C] with
[D] under - Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, _____ or not.
[A] whether the artist being aware of it
[B] the artist is being aware whether
[C] whether the artist is aware of it
[D] the artist is aware whether
六、表示其他关系的状语从句,主要包括地点和行为方式状语从句
- _____ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator,the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west.
[A] Where
[B] And
[C] That
[D] At - Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes _____ protect the toes of most other vertebrates.
[A] claws
[B] as claws
[C] as claws do
[D] so do claws
七、状语从句中的"主语+be"的省略:状语从句中的主语和系动词be常有同时被省略掉的现象,但需有两个前提条件
- _____ ,glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.
[A] When well fitted
[B] Well fitted when
[C] Well fitted if
[D] If well fitted when - Although _____ rigid,bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
[A] apparently
[B] are apparently
[C] apparently their
[D] are they apparently - When _____ in arctic regions,the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters.
[A] travel
[B] to travel
[C] traveling them
[D] traveling
(1) 从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语为"be";
(2) 省略后的结构为"连词+现在分词"、"连词+过去分词结构"以及"连词+介词短语"和"连词+形容词(名词短语) "结构,例
八、例题解析
- D无论在语法上还是语意上均正确,而若选A和B,则只是两个句子的无谓罗列,这在英语中是绝对不允许的,而C是一个名词短语,也不符合要求。
- B对。本句是由连词before引导的时间状语从句,其中的long是副词,修饰before,"long before"意为"早在...之前",long before易与before long相混淆,before long相当于介词短语,意思是"不久"。
- B 对。由于逗号后面是一个完整的句子,则本句空白处成分可能是介词短语、分词短语或状语及状语从句,在备选答案中,只有B 具备状语从句的条件。whenever是when的强调式表示"无论什么时候"。
- A错。本句含"so...that"句型,"so"是副词,它后面可接形容词或副词,而"that"后要接表结果的状语从句,故应将"too"改为"so"。
- B错。改为"so"。
- C对。本句主语为"Hippopotamuses",谓语是"do not feed",逗号之间显然为插入成分,A和B不符合要求,D虽表面上是非限定定语从句修饰前面的成分,但which指主语,马上又接主语they,成了"双主语",故应排除。C是由连词although(尽管) 引导的让步状语从句作插入语,完全符合条件,故应选C。
- B对。逗号后为一完整的句子,逗号前又出现了谓语,那么空白处一定缺起引导从句作用的连词和从句主语,B 完全符合条件,though的用法和although基本相同,意思也相同。C 好像是"that"引导的主语从句,可后面接的并不是谓语,而是一个句子,故C 也不对。D 貌似"it is...that"强调句,但句中缺that,且语法语意混乱。
- B对。A不对,因为"because of "(因为) 是成语介词,后面不可接句子,而C和D均不合语法,只有B正确,"it"指代"neon"。
- C对。本题中的四个选项都是连接词,即都可以引导后面的从句,从语法来说,它们都正确,但从语意及逻辑上看,显然以"[C] because"(表"原因") 切合题意。
- B对。本句缺能引导一个从句的连接词,只有B符合条件。
- C对。whether作为连词,只能放在从句句首,故B 和D 都不符合语法。虽然A中的whether放置于句首,但A 不是一个句子,因此只有C 中的whether才引导了一个状语从句,"whether...or not"在此处表示"无论..."。
- A对。"where"引导的是地点状语从句,表示"在大西洋通过赤道的地方"。
- B对。"as claws protect..."表示"正如爪或钳保护...一样",as引导的是方式状语从句。A 明显不对。C 多"do",D 好像是"so"引导的倒装句,但"so"不仅无所指代,因为后面不缺任何成分,而且在用"so"倒装句时,"so"前面通常有逗号,并且是"so+助动词(或情态动词等) +主语"结构。
- A对。从句部分说完整为"When they (glasses) are well fitted",其中的"they are"被省略掉了。D 中的"If well fitted"本来也正确,但后面多"when"。
- A对。although后省略了"they (bones) are",apparently(明显地)是副词,修饰后面的形容词rigid。D 中的are和they顺序有误,否则也同样正确。
- D对。本句为"连词+现在分词"结构。
