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14.2 状语从句

第二节 状 语 从 句

一、时间状语从句:主要由when,whenever,after,before,as,(ever)since,once,as soon as,(not)until,while等连词引导

  1. _____ ,Alexander Graham Bell was still a young man.
    [A] He invented the telephone
    [B] The telephone was invented
    [C] His invention of the telephone
    [D] When he invented the telephone
  2. The small greenish flowers of the American elm tree appear in the spring, _____ .
    [A] is grown long before the leaves
    [B] long before the leaves grow
    [C] the leaves before growing long
    [D] the growth of leaves before long is
  3. _____ ,heat is produced.
    [A]The mixing together of certain chemicals
    [B]Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together
    [C]Certain chemicals mixed together
    [D] That certain chemicals are mixed together

二、结果状语从句:考试中主要集中在"so...that"(这样......以致) 引导的状语从句,除此之外,还有"such...that"等其他连接词可以引导

  1. Lucretia Mott's influence was too significant [A] that she has been credited [B] by some authorities [C] as the originator [D] of feminism is the United States.
  2. Dorothy Parker's satirical [A] verse was quite [B] popular that her books of poetry [C] appeared [D] on bestseller lists.

三、让步状语从句: 让步状语从句通常由(even)though,although,no matter,even if ,however,whatever等词引导

  1. Hippopotamuses, _____ a great deal of time submerged in lakes or rivers,do not feed in the water.
    [A] spend
    [B] they spend
    [C] although they spend
    [D] which they spend
  2. _____ do not have webbed feet, gallinules are excellent swimmers.
    [A] They
    [B] Even though they
    [C] That they
    [D] It is when they

四、原因状语从句: 原因状语从句可由as,because,since及for引导,而托福考题集中在由"because"引导的从句

  1. Neon is said to be inert _____ does not react easily with other substances.
    [A] becaues of it
    [B] because it
    [C] it is because
    [D] is because it
  2. Helium is safer than hydrogen _____ it can not explode.
    [A] while
    [B] though
    [C] because
    [D] if

五、条件状语从句: 表条件的状语从句主要由if,whether,as long as (只要),provided(只要) (that)等词引导,例如

  1. Uniform acceleration occurs _____ the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time.
    [A] according
    [B] if
    [C] with
    [D] under
  2. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, _____ or not.
    [A] whether the artist being aware of it
    [B] the artist is being aware whether
    [C] whether the artist is aware of it
    [D] the artist is aware whether

六、表示其他关系的状语从句,主要包括地点和行为方式状语从句

  1. _____ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator,the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west.
    [A] Where
    [B] And
    [C] That
    [D] At
  2. Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes _____ protect the toes of most other vertebrates.
    [A] claws
    [B] as claws
    [C] as claws do
    [D] so do claws

七、状语从句中的"主语+be"的省略:状语从句中的主语和系动词be常有同时被省略掉的现象,但需有两个前提条件

    (1) 从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语为"be";
    (2) 省略后的结构为"连词+现在分词"、"连词+过去分词结构"以及"连词+介词短语"和"连词+形容词(名词短语) "结构,例

  1. _____ ,glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.
    [A] When well fitted
    [B] Well fitted when
    [C] Well fitted if
    [D] If well fitted when
  2. Although _____ rigid,bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
    [A] apparently
    [B] are apparently
    [C] apparently their
    [D] are they apparently
  3. When _____ in arctic regions,the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters.
    [A] travel
    [B] to travel
    [C] traveling them
    [D] traveling

八、例题解析

  1. D无论在语法上还是语意上均正确,而若选A和B,则只是两个句子的无谓罗列,这在英语中是绝对不允许的,而C是一个名词短语,也不符合要求。
  2. B对。本句是由连词before引导的时间状语从句,其中的long是副词,修饰before,"long before"意为"早在...之前",long before易与before long相混淆,before long相当于介词短语,意思是"不久"。
  3. B 对。由于逗号后面是一个完整的句子,则本句空白处成分可能是介词短语、分词短语或状语及状语从句,在备选答案中,只有B 具备状语从句的条件。whenever是when的强调式表示"无论什么时候"。
  4. A错。本句含"so...that"句型,"so"是副词,它后面可接形容词或副词,而"that"后要接表结果的状语从句,故应将"too"改为"so"。
  5. B错。改为"so"。
  6. C对。本句主语为"Hippopotamuses",谓语是"do not feed",逗号之间显然为插入成分,A和B不符合要求,D虽表面上是非限定定语从句修饰前面的成分,但which指主语,马上又接主语they,成了"双主语",故应排除。C是由连词although(尽管) 引导的让步状语从句作插入语,完全符合条件,故应选C。
  7. B对。逗号后为一完整的句子,逗号前又出现了谓语,那么空白处一定缺起引导从句作用的连词和从句主语,B 完全符合条件,though的用法和although基本相同,意思也相同。C 好像是"that"引导的主语从句,可后面接的并不是谓语,而是一个句子,故C 也不对。D 貌似"it is...that"强调句,但句中缺that,且语法语意混乱。
  8. B对。A不对,因为"because of "(因为) 是成语介词,后面不可接句子,而C和D均不合语法,只有B正确,"it"指代"neon"。
  9. C对。本题中的四个选项都是连接词,即都可以引导后面的从句,从语法来说,它们都正确,但从语意及逻辑上看,显然以"[C] because"(表"原因") 切合题意。
  10. B对。本句缺能引导一个从句的连接词,只有B符合条件。
  11. C对。whether作为连词,只能放在从句句首,故B 和D 都不符合语法。虽然A中的whether放置于句首,但A 不是一个句子,因此只有C 中的whether才引导了一个状语从句,"whether...or not"在此处表示"无论..."。
  12. A对。"where"引导的是地点状语从句,表示"在大西洋通过赤道的地方"。
  13. B对。"as claws protect..."表示"正如爪或钳保护...一样",as引导的是方式状语从句。A 明显不对。C 多"do",D 好像是"so"引导的倒装句,但"so"不仅无所指代,因为后面不缺任何成分,而且在用"so"倒装句时,"so"前面通常有逗号,并且是"so+助动词(或情态动词等) +主语"结构。
  14. A对。从句部分说完整为"When they (glasses) are well fitted",其中的"they are"被省略掉了。D 中的"If well fitted"本来也正确,但后面多"when"。
  15. A对。although后省略了"they (bones) are",apparently(明显地)是副词,修饰后面的形容词rigid。D 中的are和they顺序有误,否则也同样正确。
  16. D对。本句为"连词+现在分词"结构。