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1.4 现在完成时

第四节 现在完成时

一、现在完成时的构成式是have(has)+动词的ED分词

  1. Research [A] in molecular(分子的) biology has demonstrate [B] phenomenal similarities [C] between [D] humans and apes(类人猿).
  2. Gore Vidal has steadily pursue [A] a literary career [B] remarkable [C] for its productivity, versatility(多样性) and unpredictability [D] (多变性).
  3. For centuries large communities of people have living [A] on houseboats in parts [B] of the world where [C] the climate is warm and the waters are calm [D] .

二、现在完成时表示到现在为止的一段时间内发生的情况或动作,强调的是对现在的影响,可能是已完成的动作,也可表示多次动作的总和,或习惯性的行为和持续的动作

  1. Ninetyeight percent of all animal species [A] in [B] history had [C] died out [D] .
  2. The domestic [A] dog, considered to be the first tamed animal, is coexisting [B] with human beings since [C] the days of the cave dwellers [D] (居住者).

三、如果句中有表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,用现在完成时,这些时间状语有 now, today, this week, this month, this year,现在完成时不和表示具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year等,但可以和always, before, just, in/during the past(few weeks, years, fifty years)连用,这时in表示"过去多少时间",不能用after

  1. Industrial [A] management is the aspect [B] of business [C] management that was [D] most prominent in the United States in the past eight years.
  2. Learning a foreign language is especially [A] difficult for those [B] who had [C] never learned one before [D] .

四、在有already, as yet, yet, ever, just, never 这类副词作状语的情况下,用现在完成时

  1. In just [A] the last [B] few years, football is become [C] more popular than baseball in that country [D] .
  2. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has _____ been possible before.
    [A] ever
    [B] everest
    [C] more
    [D] most
  3. President Andrew Jackson was a controversial [A] figure in his own [B] day and is one [C] ever since [D] .

五、有"since+时间点,for+一段时间"引导的状语时,主句谓语用现在完成时态

  1. Jekyll Island has been one [A] of Georgia's state [B] parks [C] in [D] 1954.
  2. He is [A] in this country now [B] for five years, but he makes [C] no attempt to speak [D] our language.
  3. The Browns [A] are living a hard [B] life because Mr. Brown has been unemployed [C] since [D] half a year.

六、现在完成时用于将来的情况,即主语为一般将来时,时间和条件从句中的谓语用现在完成时(而不能用将来完成时)表示将来某时完成的动作

  1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he _____ military service.
    [A] will finish
    [B] has finished
    [C] finish
    [D] would finish
  2. Once you _____ that brand of whisky, you will never want to drink any other.
    [A] drunk
    [B] have drunk
    [C] will drink
    [D] drank

七、例题解析

  1. B错,改为has demonstrated。
  2. A错,改为pursued。
  3. A错,改为have lived。
  4. C错。本句的汉语意思是"历史上90%的动物种类已经灭绝",表示到现在为止"已经"发生的事,而且还在延继下去。所以时态应该用现在完成时。表示在过去的某一时间之前已经完成的动作才用过去完成时,所以本题应把C处的had改为have。
  5. B错。应改为现在完成时has coexisted,因为本句表示到现在为止这段时间内发生的情况(持续性的),最关键的是抓住句中的状语"since...dwellers"(自从...到现在)。
  6. D错,改为has been。
  7. C错,改为have。
  8. C错,改为has become。
  9. A为正确答案。
  10. C错。since在本句中是副词,意思是"从那时到现在", ever亦为副词修饰 since,起强调作用,因此本句应用现在完成时,将"is one"改为" has been one"。
  11. D错。in 1954表示的是确定的某个时刻(过去),但由于句中的谓语动词所使用的是现在完成时,所以应将介词in改为 "since"。" since 1954"表示"从1954年以来",本句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
  12. A错,改为has been。
  13. D错,改为for。
  14. 正确答案是B。主句用的是将来时"...be about to",时间状语从句由as soon as引导,四个选项中,用现在完成时表示将来要完成的动作最合适。所以B为正确答案。
  15. 正确答案是B。由于主句用的是一般将来时,"Once..."引导的时间状语从句中应该用现在完成时,所以B为正确答案。