44.巧选关系代词和关联副词
关系代词和关系副词都可以引导定语从句,有人认为,当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因等的名词时,就用关系副词,其实这只是一种表面现象。关键的区别是它们在定语从句中所作的成分不同,这才是问题的实质。
(1)当关系词在定语从句中需要作主语、宾语、表语时,无论先行词是什么,都要用关系代词that,which,who,whom等。例如:
1)This is the factory that(which)they visited yester-day.这就是他们昨天参观过的工厂。
2)Do you still remember the days that(which) wespent in the countryside?你还记得我们在农村度过的那些日子吗?
3)Is the young man that(who)often helps you yourbrother?经常帮你的那个年轻人是你弟弟吗?
4)He is not the man that(whom) he used to be.他已经不再是过去的他了。
(2)关系词在定语从句中需要作状语时,要用关系副词when,where,why等。例如:
1)This is the village where they spent their childhood.这就是他们度过童年的那个村子。
2)I’ll never forget the days when we lived in the coun-try.我永远也不会忘记我们住在农村的那些日子。
3)Did you tell him the reason why you were late forclass?你告诉他你上课迟到的原因了吗?
比较:Was that the reason(that) he told you?那就是他告诉你的原因吗?
(3)当“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,表示时间、地点,作状语时,可分别用when和where两个关系副词代替。例如:
1)This is the factory in which(where) his father isworking.这是他父亲工作的那家工厂。
2)He’ll never forget the day on which(when) he joinedthe army.他永远不会忘记他参军的那一天。
(4)关系代词需要在定语从句中作定语时,指人要用whose,指物可用whose或者of which,但后者所修饰的名词前必须有限定词(如定冠词the);而whose后直接加被修饰的名词。例如:
1)Who is the student whose pronunciation is the best inyour class?谁是你们班发音最好的学生?
2)He showed me the house whose windows(of whichthe windows,或 the windows of which) faced south.他指给我看窗子朝南的那所房子。
(5)“…of which(whom)”指部分和全体的关系时,不能用whose代替。例如:
1) She loves her sons, three of whom are collegestudetns.她爱自己的儿子们,其中的三个是大学生。
2)There are many stories about the Long March in thebook,of which this is an example.这本书中有许多关于长征的故事,这是其中的一个例子。
