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29 .非谓语动词用法辨析歌

29.非谓语动词用法辨析歌

作主语动名词表一般, 不定式表特定①,

到底谁来作宾语 谓语动词来决定②。

作表语不定式表将来, 动名词表说明③,

现在分词表示主语的性质与特征,

过去分词表示主语处于某种状态中。

作定语不定式表将来,动名词表作用④,

现在分词表示主动动作在进行,

过去分词则表被动,动作已完成⑤。

作状语分词常表时间、原因和伴随⑥,

不定式可表目的和结果。

作补语现在分词表示主动动作在进行,

过去分词表示被动动作已完成,

不定式则表示该项动作全过程⑦。

注:

①动名词作主语表示比较抽象的一般性的行为,而不定式作主语则表示具体、特定或将来的动作。比较:

Learning a language well is not easy

It is difficult to learn English

②是用动名词作宾语或是用不定式作宾语通常由谓语动词来决定。如:

1)动词:suggestenjoymindfinishpractiseadviseriskavoidmissexcusepardondelayconsiderescapeinsist onput offcanthelpdoing)等等,后面只能用动名词作宾语。如:

Would you mind opening the window

You should practise reading and speaking English more

2)动词wantwishhopeexpectmanagelearnrefusedecideofferpromisepretendaskused to 等后只能用不定式作宾语。如:

He refused to accept my invitation

They pretended to be working very hard

3)有些动词,如lovelikehatepreferdislikeintendbeginstartcontinueproposeneedwant(需要)等,后面接动名词或不定式意思差别不大,常可换用。如:

Do you like playingto playchess

I propose making to make a change in the plan

The house needswantscleaning to be cleaned

4)有些动词,如rememberforgetregretstoptrymean等,后接动名词或不定式,意思差别很大,应个别记忆,如:

I forgot turning having turned off the light.—I forgot that I hadturned off the light.(灯已关了。)

I forgot to turn off the light.—I forgot that I wouldgo to turnoff the light.(灯还未关。)

But I wont wait if it means delaying more than a week.如果那将意味着要耽误一周多的时间,我可就不等了。

I have been meant to write to you for weeks.几周来,我一直想给你写信。

③动名词作表语,用来说明主语的具体内容(与主语可互换位置)。

Her job is looking after the children

My wish is being an English teacher

④动名词作定语说明被修饰名词的用途(作用)。如:

a swimming poola pool for swimming

a meeting rooma room for meeting

⑤及物动词的过去分词作定语,即表示被动,又表示完成,而不及物动词的过去分词则只表示动作的完成。如:

The house built over there is a shop

There are so many fallen leaves on the ground

⑥若分词的逻辑主语(即句子主语)是分词动作的执行者,就用现在分词作状语;若分词的逻辑主语(句子主语)是该分词动作的承受者,则用过去分词作状语。如:

Having finished his workhe came over to help us

Following their teacherthe students entered the lab

Followed by his students the teahcer entered the lab

⑦请比较:

I saw Tom beating someone.我看见汤姆在打人。

I saw Tom beaten by someone.我看见汤姆被人打了。

I saw Tom beat someone.我看见汤姆打人了。