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28 . have 句型巧区别

28have 句型巧区别

have sthdonehave sb.(sth.)doinghave sbdo的三大句型中have为使役劝词,作“使、让”讲,三大句型的用法和形式有某些相似之处,同学们在实际运用中常常混淆而用错。现特编如下口诀以帮助同学们运用。

have用作使役动, 后跟宾补有三种①。

若“叫别人做某事”, have

sth done记心中,

done为过分表被动②, gethave两相同③;

“听任”、“保持”用

doing 现分进行又主动④,

如“让某人做某事”, have

sb do可使用,

不定式do to省⑤, letmakehave孪弟兄⑥。

注:

①当have用作使役动词时,后面可跟三种类型的宾补,即过去分词(done)、现在分词(doing)和不带to的不定式(do)。

have sthdone表示“请(让、使)别人做某事”,done为过去分词作宾补,表被动,其执行者是其它人,并非句子的主语,have的宾语一般是物,它是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。例:

1He has just had two photos taken.他刚叫人照了两张像。

2In warm countriesmany people have their houses made almostentirely of bamboo.(SB Ⅱ.P20)在某些气候温暖的国家里,很多人的房屋几乎全部用竹子建造。

③在have sthdone这个句型中,可用get代替have。例:

Im going to get=havemy hair cut

this afternoon.下午我准备叫人理发。

have sb.(sth.)doing sth.这一句型表示“听任或保持某人(某物)做某事”,doing为现在分词作宾补,有“主动进行”之意。have的宾语可以是人,也可以是物,它是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者。例:

1He had us laughing all through the meal.他使我们在吃饭时自始至终笑个不停。

2Autumn is the busiest seasonThe peasants have their tractorsworking day and night.秋天是最忙的季节,农民们让拖拉机日以继夜地工作着。

have sbdo sth.表示“让某人做某事”,have的宾语通常是人,后跟不带to的不定式作宾补,宾语和宾补在逻辑上是主谓执行关系。例:

1Youd better have

your elder brother repair my bicycle tomorrow morning.你最好明天上午让你哥哥修一下我的自行车。

2I often have my clothes washed and he often has his motherwash his.我的衣服常让别人洗,而他的衣服经常叫他妈妈洗。

⑥在have sbdo sth.句型中,letmakehave几乎是等同的,可互相代替,但要注意lethave不常用被动,而make可用被动式(这时不定式要加to);let常用于祈使句中。例:

1Please let me know what has happened to her.请告诉我她怎么了。

2While his back was turned another student in the class get upfrom

his seat and began to make faces just to make the other studentslaugh.(SB Ⅱ.P4

在他转过身的时候,班上另一个学生仅仅为了逗引其它学生发笑,从自己的座位上站起来,做起鬼脸来。

3Before liberationmy grandpa was made to work for the landlordfrom down till dark.解放前,我爷爷被迫从早到晚为地主干活。