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10 .解改错题小结

10.解改错题小结

在现行NMET试题中的Ⅳ题——改错题属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。既考查方方面面的基础知识,又考查综合运用语言的能力,包括写作能力。

考生虽然对中学英语知识进行了综合复习,平时也具备了一定的遣词造句能力,但往往因功底不深,实际运用语言的准确性和熟练程度不够,面对此题,茫然不知所措。“我写也是这样写”,“行行好像都正确”。结果,没错的地方给改错了,错误的地方却放过了。

为了避免解题时的盲目性,现根据几年来所见此题中的错误类型,归纳为如下规律。解题时,在通读全文、弄清文章主旨大意及体裁特点的基础上,试用此法可省时省力,减少错误。

一、一致, 二、词类,

三多四少五搭配, 六句七语八非谓,

九看逻辑对不对, 拼写无误便全对。

1)“一致”,指一致性方面的错误,包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等。例:

1All he said were right.(谓语动词与主语的数不一致,应把were改成was)。

2We should remember that we all learnt our own lan-guage well when we are children.(时态不一致,把are改为were 。)

3MrMrs Smith and her son would go to London.(代词 her与前面名词的数不一致,将her改为 their。)

2)“词类”,指词法,包括①同义词、近义词、反义词、易混词;②词性;③名词的可数与不可数,单复数及所有格;④代词的格;⑤定语从句中先行词、关系代词的误用,名词性从句中连接词的误用;③比较范围的错误等(1995年高考英语短文改错试题中有六处属词法部分错误)。例:

1We should remember what we all learnt our own lan- guage when we were children.(误把连接词that用成连接代词 what,故将 what改为 that。)

2She found a wallet laying on the ground.(用错动词,应把laying改为lying.)

3He invented the steam engine which made the Indus-trial Revolution possibly.(这是宾语补足语应该用形容词,因此把 possibly改为 possible。)

4He is taller than any boy in his class.(比较范围的错误,应在any后加other以排除自身。)

5He said he would be published if he did not do it.(publishpunish形近词,易混用。)

6She had some difficulties in working the prob-lem.(此句型中different为不可数名词,应用单数形式。)

7In our study or in our workthis habit of asking ques-tions will help we very much.(作宾语人称代词we应该用宾格 us。)

3)“多”,指多词。句中多了主语、谓语、冠词、介词、副词等。1995年高考英语短文改错试题中多词四处。例:

1This river is much more longer than that one.(多了副词more。)

2From his answer we shall know the something now.(不定代词something前不加冠词,故去掉the。)

4)“少”,指少词。句子缺少了主语、谓语、冠词、介词、副词等(1995年高考英语短文改错题中少词一处)。例:

1He invented the steam engine made the industrialRevolution possible.(先行词 the steam engine后面的定语从句中缺少了作主语的关系代词whichthat。)

2Then I began to pay more attention my pronuncia-tion.(attention后缺少介词to。)

5)“搭配”,指固定搭配。

If we could learn a second language by the same way itwould not seem so difficult.(in the same way.)“同样的方法”,属固定搭配应把by改为 in

6)“句”,指句型结构。

1Long ago there had a war between the two countries.(表示“存在”的句型是“Therebe+主语+状语”结构,故把had改为 was。)

2It spent them three months to build the house.(应把spent改为took。)

7)“语”,指语态。例:

1He broke the law and punished.(他犯了法受到惩罚”,第二谓语是被动语态,应在 punish前加 was。)

2The young man watched what was happened andwould not believe his eyes.(happen是不及物动词,不能用被动语态,应去掉was。)

8)“非谓”,指非谓语动词。例:

1We can learn a great deal by ask the question why.(介词by后应用动名词作宾语,把ask改为asking。)

2Scientists like Watt and Faraday were usually inter-esting in these facts.(表示被外界事物激发起来的感受,“对……感兴趣”,体现被动性,应该用interested,而现在分词in-teresting表示“令人感兴趣的”,体现主动性。)

9)“逻辑”,指按文章的逻辑意义,句与句、段与段之间使用的承接词是转折型、递增型还是因果型,以及受空间、时间限定的词语的使用。例:

1This was a lieand his parents did not know.(按前后逻辑意义,两句之间是转折型的,将and改为but。)

2There was no windso the sun was shining brightly.(“There was no wind不是the sun was shining”的原因,把so改为and。)

3He got up early in the morningAfter supper he wasabout to leave when the bell rang.(早晨起来吃早饭,故将supper改为breakfast。)

10)“拼写”,指单词拼写错误。主要注意双写字母、词尾有没有e、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,以及易错单词。如pronunciationlanguageinterestingtemperaturedestroy等。例:

He said it was best to stay until help arrivd rather thango into the forest and get lost.(arrivd拼写错误,改为ar-rivedNMET91。)

掌握以上要点,也为同学们平时有针对性地巧下功夫、扎实基本功提出了具体要求。