省略介词的几种用法情况
一、时间介词on的省略。
凡符合以下几种情况的时间介词on,都必须省略。
1.在today,yesterday,tomorrow以及the day before yesterday,the dayafter tomorrow之前。例如:
I shall see him today.我今天要去看他。
She had her operation the day before yesterday.她前天动了手术。
2.在含有this,that,next,last的时间词组之前。例如:
Why didn't you go to school this morning?今天早上你为什么没去上学?
He stayed with us last week.上周他和我们在一起。
I didn't feel well that week.那个星期我有点不舒服。
We are meeting next Tuesday.我们下周二会面。
3.在含有one,any,each,every,some,all的时间词组之前。例如:
Let's have a party one evening next week.我们下周某个晚上聚会一次吧。
You can come any day.你随便哪天来都行。
Some day we'll meet again.后会有期。
I was ill all summer.我病了一个夏天。
二、介词ror的省略
1.在以all开头的表示时间段的短语前,for必须省略。例如:
We worked all day.我们干了一整天活。
I can wait all my life.我能等一辈子。
2·在last wait,live,stay等延续性动词之后,表示时间长度的for通常可以省略。例如:
The war lasted four years before the North won in the end.这场战争持续了4年,最后北方取胜。
I can't give these orders,unless you can wait some time or change the note.我不能定这些货,除非你能等一些时间,要么就把这张钞票兑开。
I shall stay another five days.我将再呆5天。
3.在一些如run,travel,walk,advance,extend等具有“位移”含义的动词之后,for表示持续时间或位移的距离,通常要省略。例如:
Charles ran(for)a mile in four minutes.查尔斯在4分钟之内跑了1英里。
They advanced(for)twenty miles.他们前进了20英里。
The celebrations extended(for)over three days.庆祝活动延续了3天。
三、-ing分词结构前介词的省略。
其句型有以下一些:
1.have(no)difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有(没)困难。例如:
Do you have any difficulty(in)understanding spoken English?你听英语口语有困难吗?
2.have(no)trouble(in)doing sth.干某事有(没)困难。例如:
Everyone in the town knew him so we had no trouble(in)finding his house.镇上的人都认识他,因此我们毫不费力地找到了他家。
3.be busy(in)doing忙于干某事。例如:
They've been busy(in)preparing for the exam these days.这些天,他们一直忙于准备考试。
4.keep sb busy(in)doing sth.使某人忙于干某事。例如:
Hard life kept father busy(in)working all day long.艰辛的生活使父亲整日忙个不停。
5.waste time(in)doing sth.浪费时间干某事。例如:
Don't waste time(in)playing card.不要浪费时间来玩牌。
6.spend time(in) doing sth.花时间干某事。例如:
He spent much time(in)working for human rights and progress.他花了很多时间为人权和进步而工作。
7.There/It is no use/good(in)doing sth.干某事没有用。例如:
There is no good persuading him.劝说他是没有用的。
8.prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.阻止(防止)某人做某事。例如:
The rain prevented me(from)going.由于下雨我走不了。
注:此句型在被动结构中from不能省。
9.have a good time(in)doing sth.因干某事而愉快。例如:
The tourists had a good time(in)visiting the West Lake and other scenicspots in our country.在我国西湖等风景胜地游览期间,这批旅游者玩得很愉快。
10.lose no time(in) doing sth.抓住机会干某事。
The doctor lost no time(in)giving the patient first aid.医生立即对病人进行抢救。
11.There is no point(in)doing sth.干某事毫无意义。例如:
There is no point(in)doing so.这样做毫无意义。
12.take turns(at)doing sth.轮流干某事。例如:
They took turns(at)watching him when he had a fever.他发烧时,大家轮流看护他。
13.end up(by)doing sth.以干某事而告终。例如:
If you start with the aim of doing harm to others,you will only end up(by)ruining yourself.要是你以损人开始,你只能以害已而告终。
