怎样识别汉语式的英语
1.她的眼睛瞎了。
误:Her eyes are blind.
正:She is blind.
正:She goes blind.
说某人眼瞎,应该是:Someone is blind.说某人一只眼睛瞎了,应该是:Someone is blind of one eye或是 Someone is blind in one eye.在此类句子中不能直接用eye作句子的主语。
2.这部彩电很贵。
误:The price of the colour TV set is very expensive.
正:The price of the colour TV set is high.
正:The colour TV set is expensive.
英语中价格(price)可以是高(high)或低(low),东西可以是贵(ex pensive)或便宜(cheap)。不能说“the price is expensive。”
3.一块石头打中了汤姆的头。
误:A stone hit Tom's head.
误:A stone hit Tom on his head.
正:A stone hit Tom on the head.
英语中说“拍”、“拉”、“敲”、“击”、“打”、“抓”某人身体上的某一部位时,不能直接用承受动作的部位,如腿、手、臂等作动词的宾语,而必须采用“动词+sb+介词+the+名词(即直接承受动作的部位)”的形式。同时把汉语中的所有格变为英语中的宾格(如Tom,him等),用作动词宾语。
4.昨天我收到汤姆的来信。
误:I heard from Tom's letter yesterday.
正:I heard from Tom yesterday.
hear from的意思是“收到……来信”,千万不要因为汉语句子中有“信”,便在 hear from之后加上“letter”。
5.上海的人口比南京的人口多。
误:The population of Shanghai is more than of Nanjing.
正:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Nanjing.
Population是不可数名词。说“人口多或少”要用 large或 small及其比较级larger或smaller,而不能受汉语的影响,用many或few及其比较级more或fewer来表示。
6.没有人能做这件事。
误:Anyone can't do it.
正:No one can do it.
误句很明显是受汉语影响而造成的句子。anyone,anybody作主语时,通常不与否定形式的谓语动词相搭配。如果要表示否定意义,需采用“no one 或 nobody+肯定形式的谓语动词”的形式。
7.火车因为大雪而延误。
误:The train was delayed because of the big snow.
正:The train was delayed because of the heavy snow.
汉译英时,不能见“大”字就译为big或large。“大雪、大雨”是“heavy snow/rain”;“一个大人物”是“an important person”。
8.台湾位于福建的东南。
误:Taiwan is to the eastsouth of Fujian.
正:Taiwan is to the southeast of Fujian.
汉语中的“东南”、“西北”、“西南”和“东北”译成英语时,一般是先“南、北”后“东、西”。如:西北是northwest,西南是southwest,东北是 northeast,东南是 southeast。
9.我每隔三天到那儿去一次。
误:I go there every three days.
正:I go there every four days.
汉语中的“每隔三天”实际上就是“每四天”,译成英语时只能是everyfour days。误句中的“every three days”的意思是“每隔两天(即每三天)”, 这与原句意思不符。
10.孩子转过身来,面对他父亲。
误:The boy turned back and faced his father.
正:The boy turned about and faced his father.
将“转过身来”译成英语时应该是 turn about,而不是 turn back。turn back是“回来”的意思。
11.她和一位医生结了婚。
误:She married with a doctor.
正:She married a doctor.
marry是及物动词,表示“与……结婚”时,后面直接跟人作宾语,不能再加介同with。
12.我相信他明天不会来。
误:I believe that he will not come tomorrow.
正:I don't believe that he will come tomorrow.
英语中通常将think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等动词后面的宾语 从句中谓语动词的否定词转移到主句的谓语动词前面。
13.这个问题很难回答。
误:This question is difficult to be answered.
正:This question is difficult to answer.
“这个问题很难回答”实际上是“这个问题很难被回答”。虽然语义是被 动的,但是英译时不能用被动语态。“be difficult(hard,easy etc.)to do”中的不定式与主语之间呈现动宾关系时,用其主动形式表达被动意义。
14.墙上有个洞。
误:There is a hole on the wall.
正:There is a hole in the wall.
“墙上有个洞”实际上洞是在墙里面,所以要用介词in,不用介词on。
