词汇(Vocabulary)
cosmopolitan (adj.) : common to or representative of all or many parts of the world；not national or local世界性的；不限于国家或地区范围的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rally (n.) : a gathering of people for a common purpose；mass meeting(群众性)集会
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scuffle (n.) : a rough，confused fight；close，haphazard struggle扭打；混战
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fanatical (adj.) : unreasonably enthusiastic；overly zealous狂热的，过分热衷的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
snarl (v.) : speak harshly and sharply，as in anger，impatience，etc．怒吼，咆哮
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shop steward : a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interest(资本主义国家中工人选的)工人代表
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
accelerate (v.) : cause to develop or progress more quickly加快，促进
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alien (adj.) : opposed or repugnant相反的；不相容的；格格不入的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cosy (adj.) : smallish but comfortable and relaxing舒适的，安逸的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
razor—keen (adj.) : as sharp as a razor；[fig．]very smart and shrewd犀如剃刀的；[喻]伶俐能干的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
impoverish (v.) : make poor；reduce to poverty使贫困，使处于贫困
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
subsidy (n.) : a grant of money from the government or society，etc．补助金；津贴
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
poster (n.) : a relatively large printed card or sheet of paper，often illustrated，posted to advertise or publicize something海报；张贴的大幅广告
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
advocate (n.) : a person who speaks or writes in support of something提倡者；拥护者
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
overdraft (n.) : a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer透支
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
caper (n.) : a wild，foolish action or prank嬉戏，玩笑，把戏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
advert (n.) : advertisement的缩略
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bicker (n.) : have a petty quarrel；squabble(为琐事)争吵，口角
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
recoil (v.) : draw back，stagger back；retreat撤退，后退，退回
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
anomalous (adj.) : deviating from the regular arrangement，general rule，or usual method；abnormal反常的，异常的；破格的，破例的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
syndicalism (n.) : theory and movement of trade unionism in which all means of production and distribution would be brought under the control of federations of labor unions by the use of direct action，such as general strikes工团主义；工联主义
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hippopotamus (n.) : one of several large，plant—eating mammals，with a heavy，thick—skinned，almost hairless body and short legs，which lives chiefly in or near rivers in Africa河马
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fraud (n.) : deceit；trickery；cheating；a person who deceives欺骗，欺诈；骗子
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
crusty (adj.) : rudely abrupt or surly in speech and manner；bad—tempered(言行)粗鲁的，粗暴的；脾气坏的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
articulate (adj.) : expressing oneself easily and clearly表达力强的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
counterculture (n.) : the culture of many young people of the 1 960’s and 1 970’s manifested by a life style that is opposed to the prevailing culture反主流文化
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
swagger (v.) : boast，brag，or show off in a loud，superior manner自夸，吹牛
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
integrity (n.) : uprightness，honesty，and sincerity正直，诚实，真诚
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sloppy (adj.) : careless；slovenly or messy粗心的；不整洁的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
inept (adj.) : incompetent；unfit；out 0f place不称职的；不相宜的；不恰当的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shiftless (adj.) : incapable，inefficient，lazy无能的；无效率的；懒惰的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
slovenly (adj.) : careless in appearance, habits，work，etc．不整洁的；疏忽的；马虎的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
messy (adj.) : untidy，disorderly，dirty，etc．凌乱的； 混乱的；脏的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
slop around : loaf around闲荡，闲逛
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
skimp (v.) : do poorly or carelessly马虎从事；草率从事
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scrounge (n.) : take without permission；pilfer；beg擅取；偷窃；乞讨
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
booze (v.) : drink too much alcoholic liquor狂饮，痛饮
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vandalism (n.) : the actions or attitudes of the Vandals or of a vandal；malicious or ignorant destruction of public or private property，esp. of that which is beautiful or artistic 汪达尔人的行为或作风；破坏文化艺术品的行为
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pilfer (v.) : steal(esp. small sums or petty objects)；filch偷窃；尤指小偷小摸
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
damnation (n.) : a damning or being damned诅咒；谴责
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apathy (n.) : 1ack of emotion；indifference无情，感情淡漠；冷漠，漠不关心
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
squabble (v.) : quarrel noisily over a small matter：wrangle(为琐事)争吵。口角
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
repertory : a theatre in which a permanent acting company prepares several productions for a season and keeps alternating them in limited runs由固定剧团定期换演剧目的剧场；拥有大量常备剧目的戏院
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
farce (n.) : an exaggerated comedy based on broadly humorous，highly unlikely situations笑剧，闹剧，滑稽戏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
demagogue (n.) : a person who tries to stir up the people by appeals to emotion，prejudice，etc．，in order to win them over quickly and so gain power煽动者，鼓动者
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
frivolous (adj.) : not properly serious or sensible：silly and light—minded；giddy轻薄的；轻浮的；肤浅的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
myopic (adj.) : short—sighted近视的；缺乏远见的
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sulks (n.) : a sulky mood or state愠怒的样子(或状态)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bowler (n.) : a man’s round hard hat，usually black圆顶硬呢帽(常为黑色)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
短语 (Expressions)
draw on : take or USe as a source利用，凭，靠
例： If newspapermen cannot get facts for their stories，they some-times draws on t11eir imaginations．如果记者们采访不到事实真相来写报道，他们有时就凭想像力去编造。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shop steward : a union member elected to represent coworkers in dealings with management工会管事，工人代表
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
safe to say : 英)If it is safe to say something，it may be said with-out exaggeration or falsehood．可以肯定地说，可以保险地说
例： Whether he call get a high score in the exam，it is safe to say that he will pass it．不管他在考试中能不能拿到高分，但是可以肯定地说他能通过这项考试。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
out of scale : out of proportion不成比例，不相称
例： The dog’s head is out of scale in this painting．在这幅画中这只狗的头与它身体的其他部分不成比例。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
keep clear of sth． : avoid or refrain from stll．避开，离着
例： Keep clear of that area!不要去那个地方!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
state of mind : a particular mental or emotional condition such as be．ing in a state of bliss，in a state of depression，in a state of despair,etc.心境，思想(精神)状态
例： This is just a state of mind，not a reality．这只是一种心情而不是现实。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shrug off : (英)dismiss something as not deserving one’s attention耸肩对……表示不理，不屑一顾，一笑置之
例： Don’t take it for granted that you can shrug off this responsi-bility!不要想当然地以为你可以置这个责任于不顾!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sweat one’s guts out : work very hard拼命干
例： He sweated his guts out and bought himself a Car near the end of the summer．他拼命地工作，在夏天决结束时给自己买了一辆车。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pay packet : an envelope containing your wages：the amount of money someone earns(附工资及工资单的)工资袋，工资，薪水
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fall between two stools : be neither one type of thing nor another．or be unable to choose between two ways of doing something两头落空，两边都不讨好，由于犹豫而误事
例： The movie fails between two stools--it’s neither a thriller nor a comedy．这部影片两头都落了空——既不是惊险片也不是喜剧片。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chop logic : argue in a hairsplitting(吹毛求疵的)way强词夺理
例： Don’t chop logic!You are wrong anyway．不要强词夺理了!不管怎么说，是你错了。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
repertory company : a company that presents and performs a number of different plays or other works during a season,usually in ahemation．定期换演剧目的剧团