词汇(Vocabulary)
bush (adj.) : rustic，countrified，belonging to small towns粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的
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beget (v.) : bring into being；produce使产生，引起，招致
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holdout (n.) : [Americanism]a place that holds out [美语]坚固据点
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deficiency (n.) : the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage缺乏，缺少，欠缺；缺陷，不足之处
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pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as a model标兵
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sitcom (n.) : [口]situation comedy的缩略
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clone (v.) : derive all the descendants asexually from a single individual无性繁殖
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preempt (v.) : radio and TV]replace(a regularly scheduled program)[广播、电视]先占，先取得
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casino (n.) : a public room or building for entertainments．dancing，or，now specifically，gambling俱乐部，娱乐场；(现尤指)赌场
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nightspot (n.) : nightclub夜总会
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bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle；defraud欺骗，蒙骗
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dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic，vigorous，etc．推动力；活力，精力，劲头
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put—down (n.) : [American slang]a belittling remark or crushing retort[美俚]贬低的话；反驳；无礼的回答
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foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged立足点，据点
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jostle (v.) : bump or push，as in a crowd；elbow or shove roughly(在人群中)拥挤；用肘推；撞
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proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near；nearness in space，time，etc．最近；接近；(地方，时间等)最接近
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obscure (v.) : darken；make dim使黑暗；使朦胧
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tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to着上(淡)色
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gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in good taste；cheaply brilliant and ornate华丽而俗气的，炫丽的
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jagged (adj.) : having sharp projecting points锯齿状的；(外形)参差不齐的
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skyline (n.) : an outline，as of a city，seen against the sky (城市等)以天空为背景映出的轮廓
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gamely (adv.) : pluckily；courageously勇敢地，不屈不挠地
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encroach (adj.) : trespass or intrude (on or upon the rights．property，etc．，of another)，esp. in a gradual or sneaking way侵占，占用(别人的时间)；侵犯(别人的权力、财产等)
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pristine (adj.) : still pure or untouched；uncorrupted; unspoiled质朴的；纯洁的；未受腐蚀的
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vivacity (n.) : the quality or state 0f being vivacious；liveliness to pint；animation快活；活泼；充满生命力；有生气
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carnival(n.) : a reveling or time of revelry；festivity；merrymaking狂欢，欢宴，尽情作乐
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glamour (n.) : seemingly misterious and elusive fascination or allure，as o{some person，0bject，etc．；bewitching charm; the current sense(人的)魅力；(物、景色的)吸引力，迷惑力
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beckon (v.) : call or summon by a silent gesture(以招手、点头等)表不召唤或招呼
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breed (n.) : kind；sort；type种类，类别，类型
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banal (adj.) : dull or stale as because of overuse；trite：hackneyed；commonplace陈腐的；平庸的；平凡的；老一套的
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squalor (n.) : the quality or condition of being squalid；filth and wretchedness肮脏；悲惨，不幸
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inaccessible (adj.) : impossible to reach or enter诀不到的；进不去的
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plush (adj.) : [American slang]luxurious，as in furnishings [美俚]豪华的
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grubby (adj.) : messy；untidy脏的；凌乱的
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precincts (n.) : environs neighborhood范围；界线
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fringe (n.) : an outer edge；border；margin外围，边缘；边界
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subculture (n.) : the distinct cultural patterns of a group(within a society)of persons of the same age，social or economic, status. ethnic background，etc．亚文化群
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boutique (n.) : a small shop，or a small department in a store，where fashionable，usually expensive，clothes and other articles are sold时装精品店(或百货公司中的时装精品部)
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estrange (n.) : turn(a person)from an affectionate or friendly attitude to an indifferent，unfriendly，or hostile one. alienate the affections of使疏远；使失和
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ratify (v.) : pprove or confirm，esp.，give official sanction to批准；认可
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deplore (v.) : be regretful or sorry about；lament懊悔；遗憾；痛惜
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catchy (adj.) : easily caught up and remembered醒目的；引人注意的
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jingle (n.) : a verse that jingles；jingling arrangement of words or syllables具有简单韵律的诗句；合于简单韵律的排列
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admen (n.) : [Americanism]a person whose work or business is advertising[美]广告员
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ancillary (adj.) : that serves as an aid；helping；auxiliary作为助手的；辅助的
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brittle (adj.) : having a sharp，hard quality(声音)尖利的，刺耳的
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condescending (adj.) : showing condescension，esp.，patronizing表示屈尊的；(尤指)以恩人自居的，屈尊俯就的
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malleable (adj.) : capable of being changed，molded，trained，etc．；adaptable柔顺的；易适应的；可训练的
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turnstile (n.) : a similar apparatus，often coin—operated used at entrances to admit persons one at a time and to count those passing through(使人逐个通过的)旋转(式)栅门
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hype (n.) : cheating，esp. the extravagant promotional advertising欺骗；骗局(尤指大肆宣传，大做广告)
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scruple (n.) : a feeling of hesitancy，doubt，or uneasiness arising from difficulty in deciding what is right，proper，ethical．etc．：qualm or misgiving about something one thinks is wrong踌躇；顾忌，犹豫
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adjoining (adj.) : touching at some point or along a line；contiguous隔壁的：毗连的；毗邻的
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amenity (n.) : an attractive or desirable feature,as of a place, climate,ere.(地方,气候等的)舒适,宜人;温柔
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succumb (v.) : give way；yield；submit屈服，屈从
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tawdry (adj.) : cheap and showy；gaudy；sleezy俗气的；俗丽的；花哨而庸俗的
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astir (adj.) : in motion; in excited activity动起来的；轰赳采的；有活动力的
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strew (v.) : scatter，partly cover撒，撒布
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brusque (adj.) : rough and abrupt in manlier or speech．curt(态度、语言上)粗暴的，鲁莽的；唐突的
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cabana (n.) : a small shelter used as a bath house on the beach, etc,；a cabin(海滩等地的)简易浴室(或更衣处)；小屋；棚屋
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antiseptic (adj.) : untouched by life，its problems，emotions，etc．冷静的；超然的；客观的
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enclave (n.) :a minority culture group living as an entity within a larger group在大文化团体中的一少数派集团
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hassle (n.) : [Americanism]a state of commotion or confusion；turmoil[美]混乱
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congenial (adj.) : suited to one's needs or disposition；agreeable适合的；惬意的；令人愉快的
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bracing (adj.) : invigorating；stimulating；refreshing令人鼓舞的；令人振奋的；激励的
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rigor (n.) : harshness or severity严厉
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taunt (n.) : a scornful or jeering remark; gibe嘲笑，嘲弄，嘲骂
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mongrel (n.) : [a derogatory term] mixed breed，race．origin or character[贬]杂种；混交种
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metropolis (n.) : any large city or center of population：culture，etc．大城市，大都会
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tumultuous (adj.) : full of or characterized by tumult：wild and noisy；uproarious；riotous喧闹的，喧嚣的；吵闹的
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hybrid (adj.) : (of animal，plant，etc．)from parents of different species or varieties混合的；杂种的(动植物等)
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turf (n.) : [slang]a neighbour hood area regarded by a street gang as its own territory to be defended against other gangs[俚](街头流氓集团的)地盘；势力范围
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admixture (n.) : a mixture混合(状态)
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jar (n.) : clash，disagree，or quarrel sharply抵触；冲突；不调和，不和谐；争吵
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juxtaposition (n.) : putting side by side or close together并列，并置
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fortitude (n.) : the strength to bear misfortune，pain，etc．，calmly and patiently firm courage坚韧不拔，刚毅
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forbearance (n.) : ．the quality of being forbearing；self control；patient restraint容忍，忍耐
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exhilarate (v.) : fill with high spirits鼓舞；使兴奋
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短语 (Expressions)
out of phase : out of harmony相异的，不协调的
例： The driver f10und that the windshield wipers were out of phase．司机发现挡风玻璃上的刮水器动作不协调。
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measure up : be good enough t0 do a particular job or to reach a par-ticular standard合格，符合标准
例： How will the manager measure up to his new responsibilicy?经理怎样才能达到他新职责的标准呢?
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play host(to) : provide the place，food etc．for a special meeting or event招待，接待
例： Beijing will play host to the Olympics in 2008．北京将在 2008年主办奥运会