I. Write short notes on 1) John F. Kennedy's family background 2) his political career and election as president 3) his assassination.
[SRB]
1. The New Book of Knowledge
2. Encyclopedia Americana
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica
4. any history of the United States covering the 1960's
5. any biography or biographical sketch of John F. Kennedy
Ⅱ Questions on content:
1. Do you agree with Kennedy that the world is very different now? What differences does he have in mind? Do you agree with him?
2. What belief is still at issue around the globe? Do you agree with him?
3. Whom does Kennedy consider as friends and whom as foes?
4. Name some old allies of the United States whose cultural and spiritual origins the United States share.
5. Name some of the new states whom Kennedy welcomes (para 7). What does he pledge to them?
6. Who are those peoples in huts and villages? Why does Kennedy want to help them?
7. What is his stated policy towards Latin America?
8. Sum up the policy Kennedy says he intends to pursue towards those nations whom he considers to be " our adversary".
9. What is his message to his fellow citizens? What does he mean by "a long twilight struggle"?
10. Do you agree that freedom was in its hour of maximum danger when Kennedy assumed office? Give your reasons.
Ill. Questions on appreciation:
1. Speeches are generally highly rhetorical. Point out some of the different rhetorical devices Kennedy employs to make his inaugural address as forceful and impressive as possible.
2. Is the address well organized? Comment on the order in which he addressed the different groups of nations and people.
3. Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use of words.
4. Is his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses? Give your reasons.
5. This inaugural address is regarded by many in the United States as a classical speech, and many passages are often quoted. Could you pick out some passages likely to be quoted by Americans? Give reasons for your choice.
6. Is Kennedy' s argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or on an appeal to emotions? Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions?
IV. Paraphrase:
1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe (para 2)
2. This much we pledge--and more. (para 5)
3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5)
4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9)
5. our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace (para 10)
6. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (para 10)
7. before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction (para 11)
8. yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war (para 13)
9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness (para 14)
10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. (para 17)
11. each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty (para 21 )
12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love (para 27)
V Translate paras 23--26 into Chinese.
Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:
1. the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago (para 1)
2. for man holds in his mortal hands the power (para 2)
3. is still at issue around the globe (para 3)
4. disciplined by a hard and bitter peace (para 3)
5. to which we are committed today (para 3)
6. to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights (para 3)
7. we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder (para 6)
8, to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny (para 7 )
9. struggling to break the bonds of mass misery (para 8)
10. to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective (para 10)
11. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (paralO)
12. that stays the hand of mankind's final war (para 13)
13. tap the ocean depths (para 17)
14. not as a call to bear arms.., but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle (para 22)
Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:
1. mortal, fatal, deadly, lethal
2. faithful, loyal, constant, staunch, resolute
Ⅷ. Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word tyranny. Give words of the same part of speech.
[SRB]
1 . Rogers International Thesaurus
2. Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus
Ⅸ. Give ten antonymous and/or contrasted words of the word poverty. Give words of the same part of speech.
[SRB]
1. Roget's International Thesaurus
2. Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus
X. Match the verbs and nouns in the two columns.
pay the arts
bear foes
pledge friends
explore a (great) alliance
conquer (one' s) word
eradicate disease
tap proposals
encourage the stars
forge the (ocean) depths
support a price
oppose the deserts
formulate a burden
Ⅺ.Pick out as many antitheses as you can from the speech.
Ⅻ. The speaker employs repetition and parallel structures to gait force. Pick out at least ten places where repetition or parallelism occurs.
Models: 1. We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (parallelism)
2. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition)
ⅩⅢ. The following sentences all contain metaphors. Explain their meaning in plain, non-figurative language:
1. But we shall not always expect .. to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.
3. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
4. we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak
5.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion
6.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
ⅩⅣ. Read the following "catalogue" of transitional words and expressions. Explain what relationship each group brings out.
1. additionally, again, also, and also, and then, as well, besides, beyond that, equally important, first (second, third, finally, last, lastly, etc. ), for one thing, further, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, next, now, on top of that, over and above that
2. in the same way, likewise, similarly
3. after all, although this may be true, and yet, be that as it may, but even so, for all that, however, in contrast, in other circumstances, in spite of that, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, otherwise, still, yet, on the contrary, whereas, conversely
4. above all, certainly, especially, in any event, in fact, in particular, indeed, most important, surely
5. as an example, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in other words, in particular, that is, especially, namely, to illustrate
6. above that, at this point, below that, beyond that, here, near by, next to that, on the other side, outside, within
7. for this purpose, for this reason, to this end
8. accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, consequently, for that reason, hence, inevitably, necessarily, that being the case, then, therefore, thus, so
9.as has been noted, as I have said, finally, in brief, in other words, in short, in sum, lastly, on the whole, to be sure, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion
10 after a while, afterward, at last, at length, at once, briefly, by degrees, eventually, finally, first (second, third, etc. ), gradually, immediately, in a short time, in the future, in the meantime, instantaneously, later, meanwhile, prompt/y, soon, suddenly
ⅩⅤ. In the following paragraphs, list an appropriate transitional word or expression for each blank space. (Note: the bracketed word after the blank space indicates the relationship conveyed by the transitional expression. )
1. There are at least three reasons why a girl should have a college education: it can give her greater financial gain, a better family life, and richer personal resources.
(Enumeration), the girl who has a college education is likely to find a better job and make more money. A typist, ( Exemplification ), may earn only $ 300 a month. A research chemist, (Contrast), may earn more than $15, 000 a year. (Enumeration), the college-educated girl is likely to have a better family life. (Exemplification), she'll be able to communicate with her husband, since she knows more about ideas and about life than the woman who drops out of school in the tenth grade and spends most of her time washing diapers and watching television. (Exemplification), the college-educated woman can influence her children's education by taking an intelligent, informed interest in it. (Enumeration)--and perhaps most important of all--is the fact that a college education gives a woman richer personal resources than she would otherwise have. It gives her a taste for ideas and a knowledge of history, art, philosophy, music, science, and so on. (Reason)--greater financial gain, a better family life, and richer personal resources--every woman should try to get a college education.
2. In his poetry, W.B. Yeats often praised ritual and ceremony as civilized qualities, without which real civilization, (Emphasis), could not exist. Strangely, even as a child in a small town in Texas--where Yeats himself was quite unknown, I' m sure--I (Addition) was given to ritual and ceremony, as this small incident reveals. I had a dog, a red cocker named Irma, who had come to us as a bitch in heat, pursued by a pack of mongrels--and (Result) acquired by serendipity, just as I had acquired other strays, including my three greyhounds. That first day I sheltered her in my barn (Time) she gave birth to five black hounds, whose tails we duly severed with sharp scissors, as befitted even factitious cockers. (Contrast) one summer day, when I must have been all of twelve, Irma met a sad fate: I started up the '47 Studebaker, popped forward--and over something. It was Irma. Irma was dead .(Result) we needed a funeral befitting her status and dignity. (Time) I had rounded up my brothers and two of my cousins, and we had neatly boxed Irma, made a wooden cross, and left-with a shovel, a Bible, and my battered old trumpet—for Hidden Valley, a few miles out of town. Our Studebake stuttered down dirt roads, until we came (Time to our destination. (Time) we hacked out a hol under the cottonwood trees on the bank of a dry creek (Time) we gently lowered Irma's box, and with dignified ceremony passed the shovel as each of us, tearless but solemn, sprinkled dirt over the old box. Bible in hand, I turned to Ecclesiastes to read of the generation that passé away and the generation that comes in its place. Then, (Time), trembling, I brought the trumpet to m: lips. A thin, quivering, off-key tune sounded over Irma' grave as the cross was driven home. We knew, with childish certainty, that Irma rested at peace in Hidden Valley (Time)
ⅩⅥ. Topics for oral work:
1. To what, do you think, is the United States committed a home and around the world?
2. Comment on U.S. policies as laid down by Kennedy in hi, inaugural address
ⅩⅦ Write a sentence outline of the Address
Inaugural Address 课后练习题/EXERCISES 4
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