美国文学复习：第二部分 理性和革命时期文学/reasoning and revolution

书上内容：

一、时期综述

1、美国的性质：The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic – the

United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国——美利坚合众国。

二、代表作家：

1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林

①代表作：“Poor Richard’s Almanac”穷人理查德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集

It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin’s shrewd humor, and first

spread his reputation. 机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍，弗兰克林的成名作。

②Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas.

建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题。

③established America’s first circulating library, founded the college — University of Pennsylvania.

建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学—就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。

④first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.

在电子运动中，首次使用了电流中的“正电”和“负电”的专业术语。

⑤As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。

⑥As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic. 作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才。

⑦“Autobiography” 自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

2、Thomas Paine 托马斯.佩因 “Great Commoner of Mankind” 最平凡的人

①famous pamphlet “Common Sense” 著名的政治小册子《常识》，it boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 拥护“独立宣言”，使分裂活动发展成最后危机。

②“American Crisis”《美国危机》, signed “Common Sense”.署名为“常识”。（P31，第一段看一下）

3、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯.杰弗逊

①drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言。

②与清教不一样，主张追求幸福。All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

4、Philip Freneau 菲利浦.弗瑞诺 poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面的新闻记者。

①perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period.可能是革命战争后期最杰出的作家。

②has been called the “Father of American Poetry” 美国诗歌之父