upbeat
a. full of hope, happiness and good feelings
乐观的; 快乐的，愉快的
He doesn't have the sort of upbeat good humor he needs to compete for jobs.
他不具备那种为争取到工作而需要的乐观心态。
turn out
prove to be; be discovered to be sb. or sth.
结果是，证明为
If the complaint turns out to be more serious it must be referred back for a full investigation.
如果投诉证明是较严重的，这投诉必须要送回作全面调查。
This is true for simple problems but, as I have said many times before, as soon as the problems become more complicated our mathematical knowledge turns out to be greatly deficient.
对于简单的问题确实如此，但是正如我以前多次说过，问题一变得更复杂，我们的数学知识最后会证明是很不够的。
interact with
communicate with or react with (each other)
互相交流，互相影响
Economic decline was the most serious problem, and it interacted with other aspects of social disadvantage.
经济衰退是最严重的问题，它与社会不利条件的其他方面互相影响。
These factors interact with one another and different combinations and sequences will determine what eventually happens.
这些因素互相影响，不同的组合和顺序决定最终会发生些什么。
hold out
continue in spite of difficulties; refuse to yield; last
坚持，支持，维持
Given their state, the soldiers had done well to hold out for so long.
考虑到他们的状况，战士们坚持了这么长时间已经是干得很不错了。
Some struggled against her, but few held out for more than a moment or two.
有些人同她作搏斗，但是几乎无人能坚持片刻。
shy away from
avoid (sth. or doing sth.) because of dislike, fear, or lack of confidence
（由于厌恶、害怕、缺乏信心等）躲开，回避，退缩
All the others were talking and laughing happily while she shied away from being the centre of attention.
所有其他的人都在谈笑风生，而她却避免成为注意的中心。
I've always shied away from close friendships.
我一向避免和别人建立太密切的朋友关系。
show up
appear; arrive, often after a delay
出现，露面
When he eventually did show up, it was obvious to all that he had changed his original idea.
当他最终出现时，所有的人都清楚他已经改变了他最初的想法。
Real changes will show up only in the next ten or 20 years, and they would change people's lifestyles.
只有在10年或20年以后才会出现真正的变化，这些变化会改变人们的生活方式。
end up
finish by becoming (sth.) or doing (sth.)
结束，告终
This family would probably end up in a concentration camp somewhere in Germany.
这一家人也许最终会关到德国某处的一个集中营。
No one is going to thank you if you end up making changes which cause real troubles in our work.
如果你最终作出的变化会给我们工作带来真正麻烦的话，没有人会感谢你的。
on sight/at sight
as soon as sb. or sth. is seen
一见到就
He seemed to have hated her on sight, yet he knew nothing about her, except that she bore a physical resemblance to her father.
他好像是一见到她就已不喜欢她，然而他对她一无所知，除了她长得像她父亲。
She was surprised to find that they had recognized each other on sight.
她很惊奇地发现他们一见面就相互认出了对方。
in(the) face of
1.in spite of; when opposed by
尽管，不顾
In the face of difficulties, one should never give up, but struggle on and thus establish a strong will.
尽管有困难，我们决不应该放弃，而是要继续奋斗，这样建立起坚强的意志。
In the face of transportation difficulties they nevertheless managed to get there on time.
尽管交通不便，他们还是设法准时到达那儿。
2. facing
在……面前
General Motors is promoting its latest models in face of falling demand in European markets.
面临欧洲市场需求的下降，通用汽车公司正在推销其最新的车型。
be about to do sth.
be on the point of doing sth.; have the intention of doing sth.
刚要做某事，行将做某事，打定主意要……
He was about to leave when Tom arrived so he stayed a little longer.
他正要走的时候汤姆来了，于是他就多停留了一会儿。
I could not believe that such a simple mistake was about to have such dire consequences.
我不能相信这样一个简单的错误将会造成这样可怕的后果。
thanks to
because of
幸亏，由于
Thanks to his help we were able to survive this terrible disaster in the end.
由于他的帮助我们最终能够在场可怕的灾难中幸免于难。
Today, thanks to overcrowding and overdevelopment, it is a bit of a nightmare for travelers to find any place of peace.
今天，由于过分拥挤、过分发展，让旅游者找到任何一个安宁的地方有点像是做一场恶梦。
at first glance
when first looking
乍一看，乍看上去
At first glance, the pictures don't look good, but on closer examination you will find they're not bad at all.
乍一看，这些画画得不怎么好，但是再仔细看看，你就会发现它们画得相当不错。
This may not, at first glance, be a major factor but in fact it is a crucial element in weight control.
乍一看，这也许不是一个重要的因素，但实际上，它是体重控制中一个关键的要素。
have authority over
have the ability or power to control
对……有控制能力，对……有管辖权
They do not have authority over me because the right way to treat their advice depends on my goals.
他们没有权力管我，因为对待他们建议的正确方法取决于我的目标。
Senior managers are required to coordinate the work of subordinates by having authority over a wider area of work.
高级经理须管辖工作中更大的范围以对下级的工作进行协调。
substitute for
take the place of; use (sth.) to replace (sth. else)
替代，用……来代替
No book or course of lectures can substitute for experience, but as you gain confidence in your practical ability, you can derive inspiration through reading the works of wise men.
虽然书和课程不能取代经验，但是当你增强了对自己实践能力的信心时，你能通过阅读智者的著作得到灵感。
He substituted for the teacher who was ill.
他替代生病的教师。
break out
begin suddenly (doing sth.)
发生，爆发，突然开始
The epidemic was so severe that finally panic broke out.
这个流行病太严重了，最终发生了恐慌。
Fighting eventually broke out between the demonstrators and police in which at least 80 people were injured.
示威者与警察最终发生了搏斗，至少有80人受伤。
be blessed with
be favored with (sb. or sth.); be fortunate enough to possess
有幸得到，具有
You get some boys to join the police, they're blessed with brains.
这儿有一些小伙子要当警察，他们脑瓜很灵。
Having been blessed with a cold mother, did I seek a cold wife?
我已经有了一个冷酷的母亲，难道我再去找一个冷酷的妻子？
count for
be worth (usu. much, little, or nothing)
值，计
The lab's technical superiority counted for little as few people used its facilities.
由于几乎没人使用这实验室的设备，它的技术优势几乎无用。
In business, a strong personality often counts for more than formal training.
在商界，突出的个性往往比受过正式训练更有价值。
Jerome Kagan
杰罗姆·凯根（人名）
