Language Point 1
What is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment? (Para. 1)
Meaning: What is the most important thing employees do to make their companies successful? Is it knowledge or judgment?
Language Point 2
What is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment? (Para. 1)
make a contribution to: do sth. to help to cause sth.
This would, we believe, have the effect of facilitating the professional response to such work and make a contribution to the management of worker stress. 我们相信这会起到促进对这种工作做出职业反应的作用，并有助于控制工人所承受的压力。
He made an important contribution to the company’s success.他对公司的成功做出了重要的贡献。
Language Point 3
Knowledge, no matter how broad, is useless until it is applied. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Knowledge is useful only when it is put to use, however broad it is.
Language Point 4
And application takes judgment, which involves something of a sixth sense — a high performance of the mind. (Para. 1)
Meaning: To apply knowledge requires the ability to form insightful opinions and make right decisions, which involves, to some degree, knowing things instinctively or intuitively without any direct evidence of them — using the mind efficiently.
Language Point 5
…which involves something of a sixth sense — a high performance of the mind. (Para. 1)
a sixth sense: an ability to know sth. without using the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste
I had a sixth sense that the train was going to crash.我有一种直觉，这列火车将发生车祸。
Somehow, I'm sure that wild animals have a sixth sense that tells them they're safe, even in the presence of their enemies.不知何故，我肯定野生动物具有一种直觉能告诉它们处境安全，即使是有敌人出现的时候。
A sixth sense warned her that he was deliberately trying to infuriate her, to make her angry enough to lose control. 一种直觉告诫她：他是在故意想要激怒她，使得她愤怒至极而失去控制。
Language Point 6
…indicate that intelligent but inflexible people don't have the right stuff in an age when the adaptive ability is the key to survival. (Para. 2)
Meaning: …show that people who are intelligent but not flexible to respond to changes don't possess the right ability in an age when the adaptive ability is important to survival.
Language Point 7
…when the adaptive ability is the key to survival. (Para. 2)
Note that after the word “key”, a preposition “to” is used. Some nouns are usually followed by a prepositional phrase which consists of to and a noun group:
answer to the question 问题的答案
access to all information 使用全部资料的权利
admission to the university 进入这所大学
a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法
damage to the environment 对环境的破坏
solution to the problem 这个问题的解答
preface to the book 书的前言
Language Point 8
In a recent cover story, Time magazine sorted through the current thinking on intelligence…(Para. 3)
a cover story: a story or an article with the illustrative picture on the front page of a magazine
Language Point 9
…Time magazine sorted through the current thinking on intelligence…(Para. 3)
sort through: look for sth. among a lot of similar things, esp. when one arranges these things in order
She found the ring while sorting through some clothes. 她在整理衣服的时候发现了戒指。
The directors were working overtime in the boardroom, sorting through thirty applications for the manager's job; they've drawn up a shortlist of four men who are to be interviewed over the next couple of days. 这些董事们正在会议室加班，整理三十份申请这一经理职位的申请书。他们已经拟出一份四人名单，在今后两三天内将对这四个人进行面试。
Language Point 10
If the evolutionary pressures of the marketplace are making EQ, not IQ, the hot ticket for business success, it seems likely that individuals will want to know how to cultivate it. (Para. 4)
Meaning: With the development of business, the pressures from the market are becoming higher and higher and this causes EQ, rather than IQ, to be the key to business success. In this case, individuals are very likely to want to know how to develop and improve EQ.
Language Point 11
If the evolutionary pressures of the marketplace are making EQ, not IQ, the hot ticket for business success, … (Para. 4)
the hot ticket: here it refers to what is needed or suitable to be successful and everyone wants it
Language Point 12
… it seems likely that individuals will want to know how to cultivate it. (Para. 4)
cultivate: v.
1) try to acquire or develop a relationship, an attitude, etc.
Throughout his life he cultivated and maintained the confidence of his African colleagues, and his faithfulness and loyalty to the African cause were profound. 他毕生致力于帮助他的非洲同事们培养和保持信心，他对非洲事业忠心耿耿。
They cultivated the virtues of hard work, celebrated the advantages of competition and the accessibility of success for any able and determined pupil, and efficiently pursued victory in the examination system.他们培养努力工作的美德，颂扬竞争的好处和任何有能力有决心的学生都能取得成功的观念，并在这考试系统中有效地追求成功。
They are cultivating relationships with these countries. 他们正在同这些国家建立发展关系。
2) prepare and use land, soil, etc. for growing crops; grow crops
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠而无法耕种。
It is thought that rice was first cultivated in India and Indo-China, but it is now grown extensively throughout the Far East. 人们认为水稻最初是在印度和印度支那耕种，而现在在整个远东地区被广泛种植。
Language Point 13
I have a modest proposal: Embrace a highly personal practice aimed at improving these four adaptive skills. (Para. 4)
Meaning: I have a small proposal that we accept and believe in wholeheartedly a highly personal practice which is intended to improve these four adaptive skills.
Language Point 14
… Embrace a highly personal practice aimed at improving these four adaptive skills. (Para. 4)
embrace: v.
1) accept enthusiastically
You'd be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as this. 不抓住那么好的机会你真是个傻瓜。
Most of the major West European countries have embraced the concept of high speed rail networks. 大部分西欧主要国家已满腔热忱地接受高速铁路网的概念。
2) hold (sb.) tightly with both arms to express love, liking or sympathy, or when greeting or leaving sb.
The mother embraced her baby tenderly. 这位母亲温柔地搂住她的孩子。
People embraced and wept, promising to stay in touch, only to realise in some cases that they had no addresses to exchange.人们相互拥抱，流下了眼泪，答应要保持联系，结果却意识到在某种情况下他们没有地址可以交换。
3) include
The term “mankind” embraces men, women and children. “人类”一词包括男人、女人和儿童。
The reform plan also embraced exchange control over all foreign currencies, the cutting of subsidies to loss-making industries, high interest rates and new incentives for agricultural development. 这项改革方案也包括对所有外国货币的汇兑控制，对亏损行业补贴的削减，实行高利率和为农业发展而采取的新的奖励政策。
Language Point 15
… Embrace a highly personal practice aimed at improving these four adaptive skills. (Para. 4)
aim at: intend or plan to do or achieve sth.
The government's campaign is aimed at influencing public opinion. 政府开展这场运动的目的是为了影响公众舆论。
We are aiming at a higher production level. 我们的目标是达到一个更高的生产水平。
Language Point 16
…improving these four adaptive skills. (Para. 4)
adaptive: a. that can be adapted; concerned with adapting
adaptive changes 适应性变化
an adaptive economic strategy 一个适应性的经济策略
Plant behaviour is often adaptive. 植物的习性常常显示出它的适应能力。
Language Point 17
Raising consciousness. (Para. 5)
consciousness: n. all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people; interest in or knowledge of a particular subject or idea
The experience helps to change her social consciousness. 这次经历有助于改变她的社会意识。
What remains uncertain is whether consciousness is a separate phenomenon which needs explaining, like language or vision. 仍然还不能肯定的是意识是不是像语言或幻觉一样是一种需要加以阐明的独立现象。
Compare:
He lost consciousness after the accident and never recovered it ever since. 事故之后他失去了知觉，再也没醒来。
Do you think her consciousness that she's somehow different makes her feel uneasy? 她自认为与众不同，你认为这种感受会使她感到不安吗？
Language Point 18
I think of this as thinking differently on purpose. (Para. 5)
Meaning: In my opinion, raising consciousness means thinking in a different way intentionally.
Language Point 19
I think of this as thinking differently on purpose. (Para. 5)
Note some verbs are usually followed by a noun group and a prepositional phrase which consists of as and a noun group:
choose… as 选择……作为
strike…as 给……以……的印象
appoint…as 任命……为
dismiss… as 把……作为……草草处理
consider…as 把……视为
label… as 把……称为
regard…as 把……视为
look at… as 把……看作为
view… as 把……看作为
describe…as 把……说成
Language Point 20
I think of this as thinking differently on purpose. (Para. 5)
on purpose: intentionally, not accidentally
I was always afraid that Hindley would hurt his son, either by accident or on purpose, when he was drunk. 我总是担心欣德利喝醉时就会意外或故意伤及他的儿子。
He had gone there on purpose, to see what happened. 他特地去那儿看一下发生了什么事。
Language Point 21
It's about noticing what you are feeling and thinking and escaping the conditioned confines of your past. (Para. 5)
Meaning: It involves becoming aware of what you are feeling and thinking and getting free from the limitations brought about by your past experiences.
Language Point 22
Raise your consciousness by catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as possible. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Pay particular attention to thinking differently when you are thinking in order to raise your consciousness.
Language Point 23
…catching yourself in the act of thinking as often as possible. (Para. 5)
in the act of doing sth.: while sb. is doing sth.
He was in the act of paying his bill when she came up behind him. 当他正在付账单时她走到他背后。
I caught her in the act of reading my letters. 她正在读我的信时被我发现了。
Language Point 24
Routinely take note of your emotions and ask if you're facing facts or avoiding them. (Para. 5)
Meaning: Pay attention to your emotions regularly and ask yourself whether you're facing facts or you're escaping them.
Language Point 25
Routinely take note of your emotions…(Para. 5)
take note of: pay attention to
Take note of the weather conditions there. 留意那里的气候条件。
While you are working through this process, take note of the research in the garden. 在整个工作过程中，你要留意在花园中进行的研究。
Language Point 26
Using imagery. (Para. 6)
imagery: n. the descriptions in sth. such as a poem or song, and the pictures they create in one's mind; pictures and representations of things
The imagery in the poem is mostly to do with death.这首诗的意象大多与死亡有关。
Positive thoughts and beliefs and imagery can be used in every area of our lives. 积极的思想和信念以及意象能应用于我们生活中的每一个领域。
Language Point 27
With their eyes closed and bodies swaying, they run the course in their minds first, which improves their performance. (Para. 6)
Meaning: They close their eyes, sway their bodies and imagine running the course in their minds. This improves their performance.
Language Point 28
You can do the same by setting aside time each day to dream with passion about what you want to achieve. (Para. 6)
Meaning: You can do the same thing by making sure that each day you have some time to imagine intentionally what you want to achieve.
Language Point 29
You can do the same by setting aside time each day… (Para. 6)
set aside: save sth. for a special purpose
The practice can occur in actual business meetings where they set aside some time to make it possible to reflect on their actions and to correct them. 这种做法会发生在真实的商务会议中，会上，他们留出一些时间使人们有可能对他们的行动进行思考并予以纠正。
Some villas had several rooms set aside just for sleeping in, and in the larger houses there might even be spare rooms for guests. 有些别墅有好几间房间留出来用于睡觉，较大的别墅中甚至有空闲房间留作客房。
We try and set aside a bit of money every month. 我们试着每月省下一点钱。
Language Point 30
When a Greek philosopher said 2,000 years ago that it isn't events that matter but our opinion of them, this is what he was talking about. (Para. 7)
Meaning: This is what a Greek philosopher meant when he said 2,000 years ago that it is our opinion of events that is important rather than the events themselves.
Language Point 31
Every time something important happens, assign as many interpretations to it as possible, even crazy ones. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Whenever an important thing happens, try to interpret it in as many ways as possible, even in some unreasonable or extreme ways.
Language Point 32
Then go with the interpretation most supportive of your dreams. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Then you accept the interpretation that gives you the greatest encouragement to your dreams of what you want to achieve.
Language Point 33
Integrating the perspectives of others. (Para. 8)
Meaning: Taking into account the views of other people and combine them with yours.
Language Point 34
Integrating the perspectives of others. (Para. 8)
integrate: v. combine two things in such a way that one becomes fully a part of the other
integrating private schools into the state education system 使私立学校与国家教育体系融为一体
The idea with young children is to integrate learning with play. 对幼儿的办法是学习玩耍相结合。
Another important attribute is the ability to work for long periods almost independently and not feel alienated but, on the other hand, also be able to integrate with the team. 另一个重要的品质是一方面能够长期独立工作而并不感到与人疏远，而另一方面又能够与团队融为一体。
Language Point 35
Integrating the perspectives of others. (Para. 8)
perspective: n. a particular way of considering sth.
Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject. 她的态度提供了看待这一问题的一个新视角。
He always argued from a strange perspective that made it impossible to answer him. 他总是从一个奇怪角度来争论，使人无法回应。
The battle is of great significance when viewed in the perspective of the progress of the war.从战争进展的角度来看，那个战役意义重大。
Language Point 36
Learning to incorporate the useful perspectives of others is nothing less than a form of enlarging your senses. (Para. 8)
Meaning: Learning to combine the useful views of others with your own is just an important means to sharpen your senses and broaden your knowledge.
Language Point 37
Learning to incorporate the useful perspectives of others…(Para. 8)
incorporate: v. include (sth.) in sth. larger
Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into /in the final design. 从调查中得来的建议被纳入了最后的设计之中。
The shopping center also incorporates a library and a bank. 购物中心还包括一个图书馆和一家银行。
There are further levels of knowledge that have yet to be incorporated into the present project. 现在的这个项目需要融入一些深层次的知识。
Language Point 38
…is nothing less than a form of enlarging your senses. (Para. 8)
nothing less than: the phrase is used to emphasize how great or extreme sth. is
His negligence was nothing less than a crime. 他的疏忽简直就是犯罪。
Their dream was nothing less than a revolutionary project to bring computers and ordinary people together. 他们梦想着能把计算机和普通老百姓联系在一起，这简直就像是一项革命性的工程。
Language Point 39
…a form of enlarging your senses. (Para. 8)
enlarge: v.
1) (cause to) become bigger; broaden
The factory was enlarged to make room for more machinery.那家工厂扩建厂房以安装更多的机器。
The zoom control would allow the viewer to enlarge any area of the picture displayed. 变焦控制使得取镜器能对所展现图景的任何范围进行放大。
2) develop a bigger print of a photograph
They had some of their wedding photos enlarged.他们把他们的一些结婚照片放大了。
Here is a photograph twice enlarged from the original. 这是一张根据原件放大一倍的照片。
Compare:
expand: v. increase (sth.) in size, number or importance
The air in the balloon expands when heated.气球内的气体受热膨胀。
They expanded their retail operations significantly during the 1980's. 在20世纪80年代，他们大大地扩充了零售业务。
Language Point 40
The next time someone interprets something differently from you — say, a controversial political event — pause to reflect on the role of life experience and consider it a gift of perception. (Para. 8)
Meaning: The next time someone has a different interpretation of something from ours, for example, a political event that causes disagreement or discussion, we should think about the role of life experience in enlarging our senses and consider his or her different interpretation as a gift to broaden our perception. The phrase “the role of life experience” implies that people have different life experiences and they look at something based on their own life experiences and, as a result, their interpretation of something may be different from ours. The phrase “a gift of perception” here refers to the fact that people's different interpretation or the way of thinking is taken as a gift for us to broaden our own perception.
Language Point 41
…say, a controversial political event…(Para. 8)
controversial: a. causing disagreement and discussion
a controversial issue /decision /speech /policy 有争议的事件/决定/演讲/政策
He wrote a controversial book but I think he's since regretted it. 他写了一本很有争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。
These buildings are so controversial that passers-by, princes or those who work in them feel moved to express an opinion, either positive or negative. 这些建筑很有争议，连行人、王子或里面的工作人员都感到有必要表达自己或肯定或否定的看法。
A controversial decision may cost you votes, but a courageous decision will lose you the election. 一项有争议的决定也许会使你丧失一些选票，可是一项大胆的决定会使你输掉这次选举。
Language Point 42
…pause to reflect on the role of life experience and consider it a gift of perception. (Para. 8)
reflect on/upon: consider (sth.) carefully and at length
The manager demanded time to reflect on what to do. 经理要求给他时间考虑怎么做。
In this paper we will argue that the involvement of disabled people in the arts is an indication of the general state of their success in reflecting upon and managing their own affairs. 在这篇论文中我们认为残疾人参与艺术表明了他们在考虑和管理自己事务方面取得成功的总体状况。
Language Point 43
…consider it a gift of perception. (Para. 8)
perception: n.
1) one's ability to notice and understand things that are not obvious to other people, insight
Companies rely on the perceptions of their own managers on the spot, with a loyalty to head office. 公司依赖于它们自己那些在现场的、忠于总公司的经理们的洞察力。
The success of the project displayed his penetrating perception. 这个项目的成功显示了他敏锐的洞察力。
2) a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on appearances
We have to change the public's perception that money is being wasted. 我们必须改变公众的看法。他们认为钱正在被浪费。
These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. 这些照片会影响人们对战争的看法。
She thinks the microwave has changed our perceptions of time, much as telephones changed them at the turn of the century. 她认为就像在本世纪初电话曾改变了我们对时间的看法一样，微波也已改变了我们对时间的看法。
Language Point 44
The force of habit — literally the established wiring of your brain — will pull you away from practicing these skills. (Para. 9)
Meaning: The power of habit, that is, the fixed pattern of thinking in your mind, will prevent you from practicing these skills. The word “literally” is used for emphasizing the part “the established wiring of your brain”.
Language Point 45
The force of habit — literally the established wiring of your brain — will pull you away from practicing these skills. (Para. 9)
pull away from: cause (sb. or sth.) to leave (sth. or sb.)
Do pull yourself away from the window; there can't be anything interesting out there. 离开窗户吧，外面不可能有什么有趣的东西。
Language Point 46
Keep at it, … (Para. 9)
keep at: continue working at (sth.)
If you keep at your work, you'll soon have the job finished. 如果你继续干下去，你很快就能把这活干完。
Language Point 47
… and every experience triggers a brain response that literally shapes our senses. (Para. 10)
Meaning: …and every experience makes a brain suddenly give a response that, in fact, influences the way our senses develop.
Language Point 48
… and every experience triggers a brain response that literally shapes our senses. (Para. 10)
trigger: v. cause (sth.) to start
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches. 有些人发现某些食物能引起他们头痛。
The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country.周末发生的种族杀戮引发了全国性的抗议浪潮。
The oil price and supply uncertainties triggered awareness of the problems of depending on imported energy supplies. 石油价格和供应的不稳定使人们意识到依赖进口能源供应的种种问题。
Language Point 49
The mind, we now know, is not confined to the brain but is distributed throughout the body's universe of cells. (Para. 10)
Meaning: We know now that the ability to think, feel emotions and be aware of things is not limited to the brain only but is found in every cell of the human body.
Language Point 50
The mind, we now know, is not confined to the brain…(Para. 10)
confine to: limit (sth., sb., or oneself) to (sth.)
I don't like a job in which I'm confined to doing only one thing. 我不喜欢仅限于做一件事的工作。
Could you confine your discussions to the matter in question? 请你们把讨论集中在正题上。
Language Point 51
That done, we are “biologically wired” with what one of the nation's leading brain researchers calls our own “world view”. (Para. 11)
Meaning: When that is finished, what one of the nation's leading brain researchers calls “our view of the world” has been shaped /has become fixed biologically.
Language Point 52
So unique is the personal experience that people would understand the world differently. (Para. 11)
Note the inversion of the word order after so unique:
So successful was her business that she was able to retire at the age of 50. 她的生意非常成功，因此她在50岁就可以退休了。
So unlikely did his story sound that no one believed him. 他说的事情听起来非常不可能，没人相信他的话。
Compare :
Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
Language Point 53
But you need a discipline for doing it. (Para. 12)
Meaning: But you need a particular training method to do it.
Language Point 54
No, it's not a curriculum in the sense that an MBA is. (Para. 13)
Meaning: Unlike an MBA programme, the method recommended here is not a curriculum.
Language Point 55
No, it's not a curriculum in the sense that an MBA is. (Para. 13)
curriculum: n. the group of subjects studied in a school, college, etc., or a particular course of study in one subject
All state schools in Britain follow a national curriculum. 英国所有的国立学校实行全国统一的课程设置。
They are planning to redesign their college curriculum. 他们正在计划重新设计学院课程。
Is Russian on the curriculum at your school? 你们学校课程设置中有俄语吗？
Language Point 56
But the latest research seems to imply that without the software of emotional maturity and self-knowledge, the hardware of academic training alone is worth less and less. (Para. 13)
Meaning: But the most recent research seems to imply that if one has not developed his or her emotional intelligence and self-knowledge, his or her academic training alone is useless.
