Language Point 1
It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a piece of candy. (Para. 1)
Meaning: It is now known / It proves that a scientist can foretell the future by watching carefully how four-year-old children deal with a piece of candy.
Language Point 2
It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a piece of candy. (Para. 1)
turn out: prove to be; be discovered to be
It turned out that she had known him when they were children. 原来他们还是孩子时她就认识他了。
The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected. 事实真相最后证明比我们原来预料的要离奇得多。
He turned out to have a younger brother. /It turned out that he had a younger brother. 原来他有个弟弟。
Language Point 3
It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a piece of candy. (Para. 1)
interact with: communicate with or react with (each other)
Modern architects are designing buildings for the future which will interact with the user. 现代建筑师正在设计未来的、与用户互相影响的建筑物。
These two chemicals interact with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion. 这两种化学品在一定的温度下互相作用，会产生一种能引起爆炸的物质。
Language Point 4
You can have this piece of candy now, he says. But if you wait while I leave the room for a while, you can have two pieces of candy when I get back. (Para. 1)
Meaning: He said they could have that piece of candy then. But if they waited while he left the room for a while, they could have two pieces of candy when he got back. Note the form of direct speech is employed here.
Language Point 5
And then he leaves. (Para. 1)
Note the simple present tense is used here to show vividness. The same is true of the verb tense used in the next paragraph.
Language Point 6
Some children grab for the treat the minute he's out the door. (Para. 2)
Meaning: Some children take the treat as soon as he has left the room. The phrase “the treat” refers to the candy.
Language Point 7
Some children grab for the treat the minute he's out the door. (Para. 2)
the minute: as soon as
The minute (that) I saw him I knew something was wrong. 我一见到他就知道出事了。
I recognized him the minute I saw him. 我一眼就认出了他。
Compare :
the moment, the instant, the second, immediately
The moment I get the money I'll send the ticket. 我一拿到钱就把票送出去。
I tried phoning her the instant I got home. 我一回家就试着给她打电话。
A microphone was put under my nose immediately I got off the horse. 我刚下马，一个话筒就塞到了我鼻子底下。
Language Point 8
When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earned pieces of candy. And then, science waits for them to grow up. (Para. 2)
Meaning: When the researcher comes back, he gives two pieces of candy to each of the children who tried hard not to give in to temptation of the candy at first. And after that, scientists wait to see what will happen in these children when they grow up and whether the result will prove their hypothesis.
Language Point 9
A survey of the children's parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out for the second piece of candy generally grew up to be better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers. (Para. 3)
Meaning: A survey of the children's parents and teachers found those who could control themselves and continued to do what they were doing without giving in to the temptation of the candy at first when they were four years old usually are better adapted to different situations, more liked by others, more willing to take risks and try new things, feel sure about their own abilities and more reliable when they are in their teens.
Language Point 10
…had enough self-control to hold out for the second piece of candy…(Para. 3)
hold out: continue in spite of difficulties; refuse to yield; last
They won't be able to hold out much longer under this sort of bombardment. 在这样的炮火轰击下，他们坚持不了多久。
The water won't hold out much longer. 水维持不了多久。
Language Point 11
The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and inflexible. They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges. (Para. 3)
Meaning: The children who couldn't resist the temptation early on /couldn't wait for the researcher to get back so that they could have two pieces of candy tended to be lonely, easily discouraged and unable to adjust to new situations. They could not experience or bear stress calmly and avoided challenges.
Language Point 12
They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges. (Para. 3)
shy away from: avoid (sth. or doing sth.) because of dislike, fear, or lack of confidence
I've never shied away from hard work. 我从不在困难的工作前退缩。
The girl shied away from looking the strange man in the eye. 这女孩很害羞，不敢正视那陌生人。
Language Point 13
When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. (Para. 4)
Meaning: We associate a high level of intelligence with Einstein, who was very intelligent and was always deep in thought and neglected his own personal appearance.
Language Point 14
When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. (Para. 4)
brilliance: n. a very high level of intelligence or skill
Her first novel showed signs of brilliance. 她的第一部小说显示了她的非凡才华。
He was a deeply serious musician who had shown his brilliance very early. 他是一位非常严肃的音乐家，很早就显示了出众的才华。
Language Point 15
High achievers, we imagine, were wired for greatness from birth. (Para. 4)
Meaning: We imagine that highly successful people were blessed with great abilities when they were born, that is, they were born high achievers.
Language Point 16
But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talent seems to waken in some people and dim in others. This is where the candy comes in. (Para. 4)
Meaning: But then you have to wonder why, during the whole period of time, the natural ability of doing something better seems to develop stronger in some people while it seems to grow weaker in other people. This is just what the candy experiment with the children wants to show. /This is where the significance of the candy experiment with the children lies.
Language Point 17
It seems that the ability to delay reward is a master skill, a triumph of the logical brain over the irresponsible one. (Para. 4)
Meaning: Ability to wait until a later time to get reward is a very important skill and it is a victory of the logical brain overcoming the irresponsible one. Here, “the logical brain” means thinking clearly and sensibly.
Language Point 18
It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence. And it doesn't show up on an IQ test. (Para. 4)
Meaning: In a few words, this ability gives evidence that there is emotional intelligence. And it doesn't appear on an IQ test.
Language Point 19
And it doesn't show up on an IQ test. (Para. 4)
show up: appear; arrive, often after a delay
I invited him for eight o'clock, but he didn't show up until nine-thirty. 我请他八点钟来，可他到九点半才到。
We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up. 我们预期会有30人来，但有一半人根本没有露面。
Language Point 20
For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. (Para. 5)
Meaning: For most of the time this century, scientists have paid great attention to and worked hard on the complex structure of the brain and the working of the mind; they used to believe the complicated emotional powers had something to do with people like the poets.
Language Point 21
For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind… (Para. 5)
worship: v. have a strong feeling of respect and admiration for people or objects, often without being aware of their faults
As a child, I worshipped my older brother. 在孩提时代，我崇拜我的哥哥。
He was a hero worshipped by the younger children. 比他小的孩子像崇拜英雄那样崇拜他。
He dislikes those people who worship power and money. 他不喜欢那些崇拜权力和金钱的人。
Language Point 22
…why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. (Para. 5)
Meaning: …why the cleverest kid in the class will probably not become the richest person in the end; why we like some people almost as soon as we see them and don't trust some people; why some people remain confident when faced with troubles while other people would be discouraged facing the same troubles.
Language Point 23
…why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest… (Para. 5)
end up: finish by becoming (sth.) or doing (sth.)
In spite of people's different opinions, she ended up the winner. 尽管人们有不同的看法，她最终胜出了。
After working her way around the world, she ended up teaching English as a foreign language. 走遍世界各地打工之后，她最终当了一名教英语的外语教师。
Language Point 24
…why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others…(Para. 5)
on /at sight: as soon as sb. or sth. is seen
I've been learning music for a long time, but I still can't play it on /at sight. 我学习音乐已经有很长时间了，但我还是不能一看到曲谱就演奏。
She disliked him on sight. 她看到他就讨厌。
Compare:
at first sight: the first time you see sb. or sth.
We fell in love with the car at first sight. 我们第一眼看到这辆车就喜欢上了它。
Language Point 25
…why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. (Para. 5)
upbeat: a. full of hope, happiness and good feelings
Live music and a parade set an upbeat mood for the official opening. 活泼的音乐和游行为隆重的开幕式增添了快乐的气氛。
We're aiming to deliver an upbeat message in our advertising campaign. 在我们的广告宣传活动中我们的目的是传递乐观的信息。
Language Point 26
…why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. (Para. 5)
in (the) face of: in spite of; when opposed by
She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents. 不顾父母的强烈反对，她离开了家。
They continued the project in the face of criticism. 他们不顾批评继续这个项目。
We are powerless in the face of such a threat. 面对这样的威胁，我们无能为力。
Language Point 27
The phrase “emotional intelligence” was coined by researchers five years ago…(Para. 6)
coin: v. invent (a new word or expression) or use one in a particular way for the first time
Way back before anyone had coined the phrase “market segment”, entrepreneurs had been doing business with their customers on a one-to-one basis. 早在有人创造了“市场细分”这一短语前，企业家一直是以一对一的方式和他们的客户做生意的。
The word was coined in the 1940's during the Second World War. 这个词是在20世纪40年代第二次世界大战期间被创造出来的。
Language Point 28
This notion is about to bound into the national conversation, conveniently shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Because of Daniel Goleman's book Emotional Intelligence, this notion is going to become a national topic. It is shortened to EQ for convenience.
Language Point 29
This notion is about to bound into the national conversation, conveniently shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. (Para. 6)
be about to do sth.: be on the point of doing sth.; have the intention of doing sth. immediately or almost starting to do sth.
He argued that it would be a “big mistake” for a House whose members' terms were about to expire to vote articles of impeachment. 他争辩道，由一个其成员任期就要届满的国会来表决弹劾条款是一个“极大的错误”。
He looked as if he was about to burst into tears. 他看上去好像马上要哭出来了。
I'm not about to say I'm sorry to him after the way he's behaved. 他这么做，我是决不会向他道歉。
Language Point 30
This notion is about to bound into the national conversation, conveniently shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. (Para. 6)
thanks to: because of
Thanks to writers' careless disregard for accuracy, even the most basic numbers in stories are not to be trusted. 由于作家随意忽略精确性，故事中即使是最基本的数字都不能信赖。
It's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job. 幸亏桑迪让我知道了那份工作。
The baby is awake thanks to your shouting. 都怪你大叫，把宝宝吵醒了。
Language Point 31
Goleman has brought together a decade's worth of research into how the mind processes feelings. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Goleman has put together the findings of his ten years' research efforts into how the mind processes feelings.
Language Point 32
His theory: when it comes to predicting people's success, brain capacity as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as “character”. (Para. 6)
Meaning: His theory is that, as to predicting people's success, emotional intelligence may in fact be more important than brain capacity as measured by IQ. The qualities of mind used to be viewed as “character”.
Language Point 33
At first glance, there would seem to be little that's new here. There may be no less original idea than the notion that our hearts have authority over our heads. (Para. 7)
Meaning: When you first looked at the notion, there would be almost nothing original about it. The notion that our hearts have the ability to control our heads is not new and in the same manner, this notion may not be new.
Language Point 34
At first glance, there would seem to be little that's new here. (Para. 7)
at first glance: when first looking
At first glance I thought it was a dog but I was mistaken. 乍一看，我还以为是一条狗，可是我错了。
Language Point 35
There may be no less original idea than the notion that our hearts have authority over our heads. (Para. 7)
have /get authority over: have the ability or power to control
He's got no authority over his students. 他在学生面前没有威信。
An officer has authority over the soldiers under him. 军官有权指挥其下属的士兵。
Language Point 36
Neither is it surprising that “people skills” are useful, which amounts to saying it's good to be nice. But if it were that simple, the book would not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial. (Para. 7)
Meaning: The idea that “people skills” are useful is not surprising either. This is the same as saying it's good to be nice. But it is not that simple and the book has aroused great interest and its implications have caused argument and discussion.
Language Point 37
This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is looking for methods to restore “politeness to our streets and caring in our community life”. (Para. 8)
Meaning: This is a concrete investigation. Goleman is trying to find methods to bring back politeness to our streets and caring to our community life.
Language Point 38
This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is looking for methods to restore “politeness to our streets and caring in our community life”. (Para. 8)
restore: v. bring sth. back; make sb. have a quality or ability again that they have not had for a long time; return (sth. or sb.) to an earlier condition or position
The government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy. 政府正在尽力恢复公众对其管理经济的信心。
Some people are in favour of restoring capital punishment for murderers. 一些人赞成恢复对杀人犯的死刑。
He buys old cars and restores them to their original condition. 他购买旧汽车，并将它们修复到原来的状态。
The badly neglected furniture and paintings have all been carefully restored. 被严重疏忽而损坏的家具和画都被仔细地修复了。
Language Point 39
He sees practical applications everywhere…(Para. 8)
Meaning: He finds his notion of emotional intelligence can be used everywhere…
Language Point 40
…how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last, … (Para. 8)
Meaning: …how couples can make it more likely that their marriages will last, …
Language Point 41
…how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last, … (Para. 8)
odds: n. the probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
Judging by how ill she looked yesterday, I think the odds are she won't be coming today.从她昨天满脸病容来看，我认为她今天可能不来。
If you drive a car all your life, the odds are that you'll have an accident at some point. 如果你一辈子开车的话，你有可能在某个时刻发生车祸。
Language Point 42
When street gangs substitute for families and schoolyard insults end in knife attacks, when more than half of marriages end in divorce, …many of whom say they were trying to discipline the child for behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much, it suggests a demand for basic emotional education. (Para. 8)
Meaning: When street gangs replace families and schoolyard insults become violent attacks in the end, when more than half of marriages break up, …many of whom say they were trying to punish the child for behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much, it suggests there is a need for basic emotional education.
Language Point 43
When street gangs substitute for families…(Para. 8)
substitute for: take the place of; use (sth.) to replace (sth. else)
I need someone to substitute for me at the meeting. 我需要有人替我开会。
The company illegally substituted cheap bolts and screws for more expensive materials. 这家公司用廉价的螺栓和螺钉非法替代价格贵的材料。
Instead of how to stimulate demand sufficiently to absorb all that the machines could produce, the problem was what to substitute for the planet's fast-diminishing raw material and energy resources. 问题不是如何刺激需求来充分吸收机器所能生产的一切，而是用什么来取代地球上迅速减少的原材料和能源。
Language Point 44
And it is here the arguments will break out. (Para. 9)
Meaning: And it is on this point that researchers have different opinions.
Language Point 45
And it is here the arguments will break out. (Para. 9)
break out: begin suddenly (doing sth.)
At least six people were killed in the violence that broke out less than a half mile from the presidential palace, a little more than a week after deadly clashes between students and security personnel triggered rioting. 距离学生与保安人员之间冲突所引发的骚乱仅一个星期多一点，至少已有六人死于在离总统官邸不到半英里处发生的暴力行动。
An argument broke out in the classroom between the children. 教室里的孩子们突然争吵了起来。
When they heard the news they broke out singing. 他们听到这消息突然唱了起来。
Language Point 46
While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. (Para. 9)
Meaning: While many researchers working in this relatively new field are glad to see that people consider emotional issues important and pay serious attention to them at last, they fear such a convenient term EQ is likely to be misused.
Language Point 47
…they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. (Para. 9)
handy: a.
1) useful or convenient
Our new house is very handy for work — it's only ten minutes away by bike. 我们的新房子对工作非常便利——骑自行车只要10分钟。
The supermarket might be cheap but the corner shop is handier. 超市或许价格便宜些，但小店买东西更方便。
Don't throw those bottles away — they'll come in handy for the picnic next Sunday. 别扔掉这些瓶子——它们会对下星期日的野餐有用。
2) able to use sth. skillfully
Jonathan's good at wall-papering but he's not so handy with a paintbrush. 乔纳森善于糊墙纸，但不善于使用漆刷。
She's very handy about the house — she's always fixing things, which don't work properly. 她的手十分灵巧——她总能把家里出了毛病的东西修好。
Language Point 48
…they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. (Para. 9)
invite: v. act in a way which causes or encourages (sth.) to happen or (sb.) to believe or feel sth.
Such a badly presented exhibition invites criticism. 办得这么差的展览会只会招致批评。
Behaving provocatively in class is just inviting trouble. 课堂上的挑衅行为只会引起麻烦。
It's so easy to get credit — it's inviting people to get into debt. 取得信贷这么容易，这是诱使人们借债。
Language Point 49
Some people are blessed with a lot of both, but some with little of either. (Para. 9)
Meaning: Some people are fortunate enough to have a lot of both EQ and IQ while some others have little of IQ or EQ.
Language Point 50
Some people are blessed with a lot of both, but some with little of either. (Para. 9)
be blessed with: be favored with (sb. or sth.); be fortunate enough to possess
I have never been a rich man, but I have always been blessed with good health. 我从不富有，但幸运的是我的身体一直很好。
Fortunately we were blessed with fine weather. 幸运的是我们碰上了好天气。
She is blessed with immense talent and boundless energy. 她才智非凡，精力无限。
It's an incredible responsibility, but I was blessed with a chance to do these things. 这是一项难以置信的责任，但是我很幸运有机会来做这些事情。
Language Point 51
Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck. (Para. 9)
Meaning: Among the necessary factors for success, researchers now generally have the same opinion that IQ contributes only about 20 percent of them and the rest come from other factors ranging from social class to luck.
Language Point 52
…that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck. (Para. 9)
count for: be worth (usu. much, little, or nothing)
Attending regularly and taking an active part in class argument counts for 20% of your mark for the year. 按时出勤并积极参加课堂讨论占你学年总分的20%。
My opinion doesn't count for anything around here. 我的看法在这里丝毫不受重视。
