rainforest
n. [C] a forest in a tropical region where it rains a lot
雨林
The rainforests are an immense resource capable of feeding and sustaining the growing populations of developing countries.
雨林是一个巨大的资源，它能为发展中国家日益增长的人口提供食物，维持他们的生活。
It is known that rainforest destruction threatens the well-being of the environment.
人们知道，雨林的破坏威胁到了环境状况。
intact
a. remaining sound, entire, or undamaged; not impaired in any way
完整的；无损的
The tornado destroyed our garden but left our house intact.
这场龙卷风毁坏了我们的花园，但房屋完好无损。
It's difficult to emerge from such a scandal with your reputation still intact.
经过这样一场丑闻风波之后仍保持住名声不受损害是件不容易的事情。
Renaissance
n. (the ~) the period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries, when the art, literature, and ideas of ancient Greece were discovered again and widely studied, causing a rebirth of activity in all these things
（欧洲14至17世纪时的）文艺复兴（时期）
This course offers students a wide choice of study, with emphasis on literature from the Renaissance onward.
这门课程为学生提供了广阔的学习选择范围，其重点是文艺复兴时期以来的文学。
the Renaissance literature
文艺复兴时期的文学
overthrow
vt. remove from power or cause the downfall of, esp. by force
打倒，推翻
a plot to overthrow the government
推翻政府的阴谋
The political aims can vary from providing the money to overthrow a foreign government to something as simple as being required to donate to a political party.
政治目的各异，大到为推翻某个国外政府提供所需要的资金，小到为某个政党提供捐助。
n. [C] (usu. sing.) defeat; removal from official power
打倒，推翻
He was accused of calling for the violent overthrow of the government.
他被指控煽动用武力推翻政府。
He foresaw that their success would lead to the overthrow of the regime.
他预见到他们的成功会导致这个政权的垮台。
throne
n. 1. [C] the ceremonial chair of a king, queen, etc.
（国王、女王等的） 宝座，御座
2. (the ~) (sing.) the rank or office of a king or queen
王位，帝位，王权
Edward VIII, the British king, had to give up the British throne because he wanted to marry an American divorcee.
英国国王爱德华八世为娶一位美国的离婚女子不得不放弃英国的王位。
the time when Queen Victoria was on the throne
维多利亚女王在位时期
imperial
a. of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, esp. an emperor or empress
帝国的，皇帝的
imperial rule
帝国统治
the imperial palace
皇宫
plateau
n. 1. [C] a large stretch of level land that is higher than the land around it on at least one side
高原
Oxygen in the plateau area is scarce.
高原地区缺氧。
In the wedge-shaped plateau are great old cities supported by rich farmlands.
在梯形状的高地上，有肥沃农田赡养的著名古城。
2. [C] a steady unchanging level, period, or condition
平稳时期，稳定状态；停滞时期
Many prices had reached plateaus, some were beginning to sag.
许多物价已升至平稳，有些则开始下跌。
Interest rates declined, then reached a plateau.
利率下降，然后达到稳定水平。
spice
n. 1. [C, U] any of the vegetable substances used to give food a special smell or taste (e.g. pepper, mustard, or ginger)
香料，调味品
Oriental spice is welcome in the West.
东方香料在西方很受欢迎。
He is a dealer in spice.
他是经营香料的商人。
2. [C, U] interest or excitement, esp. as added to sth. else
趣味，情趣，风味
She has a spice of wildness in her character.
她的性格有点放荡不羁。
He is bored and needs a little spice in his life.
他对生活感到厌倦, 需要点生活情趣。
expedition
n. [C] (the people, vehicles, etc. going on) a (long) journey for a certain purpose
（人、车等有目的的）远征；探险（队）
A scientific expedition set off for the South Pole yesterday.
一支科学考察队昨天启程前往南极。
Fine weather is crucial to the success of the expedition.
远征成功的关键在于有好天气。
descent
n. 1. [C] the act or fact of going or coming down
下降；降下；下来
The plane began to make a descent.
飞机开始降落。
The road makes a sharp descent just past the lake.
道路一过湖泊便陡然下倾。
2. [U] family origins
血统，出身
He is a person of African descent.
他有非洲血统。
He traced his descent from an old Norman family.
他追溯他的祖先是一个古诺曼人家族。
missionary
n. [C] a person who is sent, usu. to a foreign country, to spread religion
传教士
Morrison is the first missionary to China.
莫里森是最早来华的传教士。
A foreign missionary taught him English.
有个外国传教士教他英文。
pope
n. [U] (often cap.) the head of the Roman Catholic Church
（罗马天主教）教皇，教宗
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church on Earth.
教皇指的是罗马主教，他是世界上所有罗马天主教教堂的领袖。
There was a solemn silence when the Pope appeared.
当教皇出现时，有种庄严的肃静。
manuscript
n. [C] a typed or handwritten version of a book, an article, a document, or other work, esp. the author's own copy, prepared and submitted for publication
手稿，原稿
The editor condensed the manuscript to half of its original length.
编辑把这一手稿压缩到原来长度的一半。
Literary scholars are piecing together her last unpublished novel from fragments of a recently discovered manuscript.
文学家们把最近发现的一部她的手稿的碎片拼修成一部小说，这是她最后一部未发表过的作品。
federation
n. 1. [C] a union
同盟，联合会
All-China Federation of Trade Union
中华全国总工会
I have a friend who is from a federation of students.
我有一位朋友在学生联合会工作。
2. [C] a group of states united with one government which decides foreign affairs, defense, etc., but in which each state can have its own government to decide its own affairs
联邦政府
The Unites States is a federation.
美国是一个联邦政府。
stereotype
n. [C] a fixed conception, opinion, or image (of sb. or sth.) that is oversimplified
模式化的见解，老套
We need to break through the stereotypes.
我们需要打破陈规。
The characters in the book are just stereotypes.
这本书中的人物是老套，没有什么变化。
successor
n. [C] a person who follows or succeeds another in office, position, or ownership of property
继任者；继位者；继承者
This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.
这些计算机的速度很快，但是后来的计算机速度甚至还会更快。
Mr. Jones is the headmaster's successor.
琼斯先生是校长的继任人。
rot
v. (cause to) decay by a gradual natural process; (cause to) go bad
腐败，腐烂
Fruits rot easily during hot days.
天热时水果容易腐烂。
The beams had rotted away.
横梁已经腐朽了。
veil
n. 1. [C] sth. that covers or hides sth. else
遮盖物
The mountain tops were hidden beneath a veil of mist.
山顶隐藏在薄雾之下。
A veil of clouds hid the sun.
一层云遮住了太阳。
2.[C] a covering of thin material or net for the head or face, worn esp. by women
面纱
On windy days some women wear veils on the street.
有风的日子，一些女士上街时戴着面纱。
The Muslim women were dressed in black veils that covered everything but their eyes.
穆斯林妇女披着黑纱，除了眼睛外都遮盖住了。
diffuse
a. widely spread or scattered; not concentrated
散开的；散布的；不集中的
Diffuse tribes once lived in this area.
这一地区曾生活着分散的部落。
diffuse light
漫射的光
v. (cause to) spread out freely in all directions
（使）扩散；（使）弥漫；（使）传播
The colours of the sunset were diffused across the sky.
日落时分的霞光布满天空。
diffuse knowledge
传播知识
archaeology (also archeology)
n. [U] the study of the buried remains of ancient time, such as houses, pots, tools, etc.
考古学
He is interested in archaeology.
他对考古学很感兴趣。
archaeological
a. of or related to archaeology
考古学的
The discovery is of great archaeological value.
这一发现有很大的考古学意义。
instrumental
a. serving as a means of bringing sth. about; helpful (in)
作为手段的；有帮助的
Fluent English is instrumental in finding a job for you.
英语流利对你找工作很有利。
The neighbors were instrumental in catching the criminal.
邻居们帮助捉拿了那个罪犯。
ceramic
a. made of clay, or of a similar material hardened by heat
陶瓷的
the ceramic industry
陶瓷业
ceramic manufactures
陶器, 瓷器
watertight
a. 1. through which no water can pass
不漏水的，不透水的
a watertight joint
水密接缝
watertight work
水密工程
2. produced with great care, so that no one can find anything wrong
无懈可击的
They made a watertight contract.
他们制订了严密的合同。
Their argument is watertight.
他们的论据无懈可击。
isle
n. [C] (used in poetry or names) an island
（用于诗歌或地名）岛
the British Isles
不列颠群岛
transcend
vt. 1. pass beyond the limits of
超越，超出……的限度
These issues transcend the limits of language study.
这些问题超出了语言研究的范围。
Emotions transcend time and space.
情感是穿越时空的。
2. be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass
胜过，超过
Everyone knows that the speed of airplanes transcend that of ships.
人人都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。
One can never see the thing in itself because the mind does not transcend phenomena.
人们远不可能认识事物自身的本质，因为思想无法超越现象。
intercourse
n. [U] exchange of feelings, actions, etc. which make people know each other better
交际；交往；交流
The trade intercourse in the neighbouring areas is thriving.
临近地区的贸易往来繁荣起来。
Airplanes, good roads, and telephones make intercourse with different parts of the country far easier than it was 50 years ago.
飞机、良好的道路和电话使国内各地的交往较50年前远为方便。
verbal
a. 1. of, relating to, or associated with words
用言辞的，文字上的
The difference is merely verbal.
差别仅仅在于措辞。
There are some verbal mistakes in the composition.
作文中有些文字错误。
2. spoken, not written
口头的；非书面的
a verbal description
口头描述
terrace
n. [C] one of a series of areas on a slope cut so that they look like wide steps, used for growing crops
梯田
The local people turned the hillside into a series of ascending terraces for farming.
当地人把山坡变成了耕作用的一层层梯田。
There are many rice fields on the hillside, terrace above terrace.
山坡上有一层层稻田。
bust
vt. 1. (infml.) break
破裂；打碎
I busted my watch this morning.
今早我把手表弄坏了。
The boy busted the glass.
小男孩打碎了玻璃。
expire
vi. 1. (literary) die
逝世；死亡
The old man expired at the age of eighty.
老人80岁时逝世。
He expired at midnight.
他半夜死去。
2. (of sth. which lasts for a period of time ) come to an end; run out
期满，到期；终止
His term of office as president will expire next year.
他的总统任期明年将届满。
My membership in the club has expired.
我的俱乐部会员资格已期满。
disperse
v. (cause to) scatter or spread in different directions, so as to be no longer present
（使）分散；（使）散开；（使）消散；驱散
The clouds have dispersed from the sky.
天空中的云层已经消散。
The police dispersed the crowd with tear gas.
警察用催泪瓦斯驱散了人群。
expertise
n. [U] skill or knowledge in a particular field
专门技能；专业知识
China needs senior business personnel with strong abilities and expertise on global management.
中国需要高层商业管理人员，他们必须具有很强的全球管理才干和专业知识。
The company has appointed a new marketing director to broaden its strategic expertise.
该公司新任命了一位市场主管以拓宽公司战略性发展所需的技术。
empirical
a. based on practical experience rather than on theory
以实际经验为依据的
The study of translation is basically empirical.
翻译研究从根本上说是经验性的。
These books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.
这些书籍和文章向我们介绍了有关面试理论和经验方面的知识，以及如何训练面试人员等。
in pursuit of
seeking; striving to achieve or obtain (some goal)
追求，寻找；寻求
She traveled the world in pursuit of her dreams.
她周游世界追寻她的梦想。
People work hard in pursuit of better life.
人们努力工作，追求更美好的生活。
warn of
give sb. notice of sth., esp. possible danger or unpleasant consequences
警告，提醒
Even those who believe that all children should have access to computers warn of potential dangers to the very young.
甚至那些认为所有的孩子都应有权使用电脑的人们，也告诫人们电脑对青少年所产生的潜在威胁。
He jumped on his horse to warn the villagers of the attack.
他跳上马去通知村民们有进攻来临。
at odds (with)
in disagreement (with); in conflict (with)
与……有矛盾， 不……一致
They are always at odds about some trivial things.
他们老是为小事儿争吵。
The partners have been at odds with each other over hiring a new manager.
合伙人在聘用新经理问题上发生了分歧。
scratch out
manage with difficulty to do sth.
勉强做（某事）
He scratched out an existence on the unfertile farmland.
他耕作贫瘠的农田勉强过日子。
in earnest
seriously; in a determined way
严肃地，认真地；坚定不移地
She promised that she would study in earnest.
她发誓一定会认真学习。
He was only half in earnest in promising not to interfere.
他只是半真半假地答应不加干涉。
point to
draw attention to (sth.), with or as with a finger（at, towards）; give signs of; suggest (sth.)
指向；表明；暗示
Using a long stick, the teacher pointed to a place on the map and asked the children to name it.
教师用教鞭指向地图上的一个地方，让孩子们说出它是哪里。
All the facts point to the same conclusion.
所有事实都说明同样的结论。
the Amazon River
亚马孙河
Francisco Pizarro
弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗（1475 — 1541，西班牙冒险家，秘鲁印加帝国的征服者）
Inca
印加人
the Andes Mountains
安第斯山脉
